Age, gender, mileage and the DBQ: The validity of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire in different driver groups

• Published in: Accident analysis and prevention 2013-03, Vol.52, p.228-236
• Main Authors: Martinussen, Laila M., Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, Møller, Mette, Özkan, Türker, Lajunen, Timo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceptability; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Automobile Driving - statistics & numerical data; Biological and medical sciences; Denmark; Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ); Factor Analysis, Statistical; Factor structure; Factorials; Female; Gender; Humans; Licenses; Male; Males; Measuring instruments; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mileage; Miscellaneous; Prevention and actions; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Reproducibility of Results; Roads; Sex Factors; Subgroups; Surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0001-4575; 1879-2057
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.036

► The difference between errors and violations were confirmed. ► Danish DBQ was established. ► Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) has acceptable fit across sub-groups. ► DBQ has better fit among elderly drivers than younger ones. ► DBQ seems to be gender neutral. The Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring self-reported driving behaviors. Despite the popularity of the DBQ, the applicability of the DBQ in different driver groups has remained mostly unexamined. The present study measured aberrant driving behavior using the original DBQ (Reason, J.T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S.G., Baxter, J., Campbell, K., 1990. Errors and violations on the road – a real distinction. Ergonomics, 33 (10/11), 1315–1332) to test the factorial validity and reliability of the instrument across different subgroups of Danish drivers. The survey was conducted among 11,004 Danish driving license holders of whom 2250 male and 2190 female drivers completed the questionnaire containing background variables and the DBQ. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original three-factor solution, a four-factor solution and a two-factor solution had acceptable fit when using the whole sample. However, fit indices of these solutions varied across subgroups. The presents study illustrates that both the original DBQ and a Danish four-factor DBQ structure is relatively stable across subgroups, indicating factorial validity and reliability of the DBQ. However, as the Danish DBQ structure has an overall better fit, the present study highlights the importance of performing an explorative analysis when applying the DBQ in order to assess the problem areas within a driving population.