Nano-Kelvin Thermometry and Temperature Control: Beyond the Thermal Noise Limit

We demonstrate thermometry with a resolution of 80 nK/[radic]Hz using an isotropic crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator based on a dichroic dual-mode technique. We simultaneously excite two modes that have a mode frequency ratio that is very close to two (+ or -0.3 ppm). The wavelength and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review letters 2015-04, Vol.112 (16)
Main Authors: Weng, Wenle, Anstie, James D, Stace, Thomas M, Campbell, Geoff, Baynes, Fred N, Luiten, Andre N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crystal structure
Fluctuation
Lasers
Nanostructure
Resonators
Temperature dependence
Thermal noise
Wavelengths
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Summary:We demonstrate thermometry with a resolution of 80 nK/[radic]Hz using an isotropic crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator based on a dichroic dual-mode technique. We simultaneously excite two modes that have a mode frequency ratio that is very close to two (+ or -0.3 ppm). The wavelength and temperature dependence of the refractive index means that the frequency difference between these modes is an ultrasensitive proxy of the resonator temperature. This approach to temperature sensing automatically suppresses sensitivity to thermal expansion and vibrationally induced changes of the resonator. We also demonstrate active suppression of temperature fluctuations in the resonator by controlling the intensity of the driving laser. The residual temperature fluctuations are shown to be below the limits set by fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of the resonator material.
ISSN:0031-9007
1079-7114