Evolution of Plant Parasitism in the Phylum Nematoda

Within the species-rich and trophically diverse phylum Nematoda, at least four independent major lineages of plant parasites have evolved, and in at least one of these major lineages plant parasitism arose independently multiple times. Ribosomal DNA data, sequence information from nematode-produced,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of phytopathology 2015-01, Vol.53 (1), p.289-310
Main Authors: Quist, Casper W, Smant, Geert, Helder, Johannes
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
aphelenchus-avenae
beta-1,4-endoglucanase genes
Biological Evolution
Bursaphelenchus
convergent evolution
Crops, Agricultural - parasitology
cyst nematodes
DNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Helminth Proteins - genetics
horizontal gene transfer
Longidoridae
Meloidogyne
molecular phylogeny
n. sp nematoda
Nematoda
Nematoda - classification
Nematoda - genetics
Nematoda - physiology
phylogeny
Plants - parasitology
Pratylenchus
ribosomal DNA
ribosomal-rna
rna gene-sequences
root-knot nematode
Sequence Analysis, DNA
small-subunit rdna
Trichodoridae
trophic ecology
Tylenchida
tylenchoidea nematoda
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Summary:Within the species-rich and trophically diverse phylum Nematoda, at least four independent major lineages of plant parasites have evolved, and in at least one of these major lineages plant parasitism arose independently multiple times. Ribosomal DNA data, sequence information from nematode-produced, plant cell wall-modifying enzymes, and the morphology and origin of the style(t), a protrusible piercing device used to penetrate the plant cell wall, all suggest that facultative and obligate plant parasites originate from fungivorous ancestors. Data on the nature and diversification of plant cell wall-modifying enzymes point at multiple horizontal gene transfer events from soil bacteria to bacterivorous nematodes resulting in several distinct lineages of fungal or oomycete-feeding nematodes. Ribosomal DNA frameworks with sequence data from more than 2,700 nematode taxa combined with detailed morphological information allow for explicit hypotheses on the origin of agronomically important plant parasites, such as root-knot, cyst, and lesion nematodes.
ISSN:0066-4286
1545-2107
DOI:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120057