Marine biological production from in situ oxygen measurements on a profiling float in the subarctic Pacific Ocean

• Published in: Global biogeochemical cycles 2015-12, Vol.29 (12), p.2050-2060
• Main Authors: Bushinsky, Seth M., Emerson, Steven
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biogeochemistry; Brackish; Carbon cycle; Climate change; Fluctuations; in situ measurements; Marine; Marine biology; ocean carbon cycle; Organic carbon; Oxygen; oxygen mass balance; Remote sensing; Summer; Upper ocean; Winter
• ISSN: 0886-6236; 1944-9224
• DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005251

Evaluating the organic carbon flux from the surface ocean to the interior (the marine biological pump) is essential for predictions of ocean carbon cycle feedback to climate change. One approach for determining these fluxes is to measure the concentration of oxygen in the upper ocean over a seasonal cycle, calculate the net O2 flux using an upper ocean model, and then use a stoichiometric relationship between oxygen evolved and organic carbon produced. Applying this tracer in a variety of ocean areas over seasonal cycles requires accurate O2 measurements on autonomous vehicles. Here we demonstrate this approach using an O2 sensor on a profiling float that is periodically calibrated against atmospheric pO2. Using accurate data and a model that includes all physical and biological processes influencing oxygen, we determine an annual net community production of 0.7 ± 0.5 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the northeast Pacific Ocean (50°N, 145°W) from June 2012 to June 2013. There is a strong seasonal cycle in net biological oxygen production with wintertime fluxes caused by bubble processes critical to determining the annual flux. Approximately 50% of net autotrophic production during summer months is consumed by net respiration during the winter. The result is a biological pump in the subarctic Pacific Ocean that is less than that determined by similar methods in the subtropics to the south. This estimate is significantly lower than that predicted by satellite remote sensing and global circulation models. Key Points Explicit inclusion of bubble injection is required for oxygen flux calculations Winter oxygen flux estimates are key to resolving annual net community production Winter heterotrophy can significantly reduce production determined from summer measurements