Vaginal Inflammation: Association between Leukocyte Concentration and Levels of Immune Mediators

Problem A wide variety of mediators are involved in inflammatory processes. However, the identity of those participating in vaginal immune responses has not been established. We correlated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), hyaluronan (HA),...

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Published in:American journal of reproductive immunology (1989) 2016-02, Vol.75 (2), p.126-133
Main Authors: Beghini, Joziani, Giraldo, Paulo C., Eleutério Jr, José, Amaral, Rose Luce do, Polpeta, Nádia C., Gonçalves, Ana Katherine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute-Phase Proteins - immunology
Adult
Basigin - immunology
Beta-defensin
beta-Defensins - immunology
extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN)
Female
Humans
hyaluronan
Hyaluronic Acid - immunology
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - immunology
inflammation
leukocytes
Leukocytes - immunology
Lipocalin-2
Lipocalins - immunology
Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - immunology
matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - immunology
Vaginitis - immunology
Young Adult
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Summary:Problem A wide variety of mediators are involved in inflammatory processes. However, the identity of those participating in vaginal immune responses has not been established. We correlated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), hyaluronan (HA), hyaluronidase‐1 (Hyal‐1), human β‐defensin‐2 (hBD2), and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations with the extent of leukocyte infiltration into the vagina and suggest their participation in vaginal inflammation. Methods of study Vaginal fluid was obtained from 233 women seen at the outpatient clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Campinas University, Brazil. The magnitude of vaginal inflammation was determined by the leukocyte count on vaginal smears and categorized as no inflammation (0 leukocytes/field), moderate inflammation (1–4 leukocytes/field), and intense inflammation (>4 leukocytes/field). Concentrations of EMMPRIN, MMP‐8, HA, Hyal‐1, hBD2, and NGAL were determined in vaginal fluid by ELISA. Results EMMPRIN, MMP‐8, HA, hBD2, and NGAL concentration increased with elevated leukocyte numbers (P 
ISSN:1046-7408
1600-0897
DOI:10.1111/aji.12475