Screening of environmental contaminants in honey bee wax comb using gas chromatography–high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

This study reports an analytical approach intended to be used for investigation of non-targeted environmental contaminants and to characterize the organic pollution pattern of bee wax comb samples. The method comprises a generic extraction followed by detection with gas chromatography coupled to hig...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2016-03, Vol.23 (5), p.4609-4620
Main Authors: Gómez-Ramos, M. M, García-Valcárcel, A. I, Tadeo, J. L, Fernández-Alba, A. R, Hernando, M. D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apiculture
Apis mellifera
Apoidea
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Beekeeping
Bees
Chemicals
Chromatography
Contaminants
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Pollution - analysis
Environmental science
Food contamination & poisoning
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods
Honey
Honey - analysis
honey bees
Ionization
Ions
Mass spectra
Mass spectrometry
Organic contaminants
PCB
Pesticides
phthalates
Pollutants
pollution
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Research Article
Scientific imaging
screening
Studies
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Description
Summary:This study reports an analytical approach intended to be used for investigation of non-targeted environmental contaminants and to characterize the organic pollution pattern of bee wax comb samples. The method comprises a generic extraction followed by detection with gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF-MS), operated in electron impact ionization (EI) mode. The screening approach for the investigation of non-targeted contaminants consisted of initial peak detection by deconvolution and matching the first-stage mass spectra EI-MS(1) with a nominal mass spectral library. To gain further confidence in the structural characterization of the contaminants under investigation, the molecular formula of representative ions (molecular ion when present in the EI spectrum) and, for at least other two fragment ions, was provided for those with an accurate mass scoring (mass error 
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5667-0