Impact of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Younger Than 90 Days in England and Wales

Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of invasive bacterial disease in young infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in infants aged

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Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2013-03, Vol.56 (5), p.633-640
Main Authors: Ladhani, Shamez N., Andrews, Nick J., Waight, Pauline, Borrow, Ray, Slack, Mary P. E., Miller, Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age groups
ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES
Bacterial diseases
Biological and medical sciences
Confidence Intervals
Conjugate vaccines
England - epidemiology
Epidemiology
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Immunity, Herd
Immunization Programs
Incidence
Infant
Infants
Infections
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Meningitis
Neonates
Pediatrics
Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology
Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control
Pneumococcal meningitis
Pneumococcal Vaccines - administration & dosage
Population Surveillance
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Serotyping
Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology
Surveillance
Vaccination
Vaccination - methods
Vaccines
Wales - epidemiology
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creator Ladhani, Shamez N.
Andrews, Nick J.
Waight, Pauline
Borrow, Ray
Slack, Mary P. E.
Miller, Elizabeth
description Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of invasive bacterial disease in young infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in infants aged
doi_str_mv 10.1093/cid/cis934
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E. ; Miller, Elizabeth</creator><creatorcontrib>Ladhani, Shamez N. ; Andrews, Nick J. ; Waight, Pauline ; Borrow, Ray ; Slack, Mary P. E. ; Miller, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><description>Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of invasive bacterial disease in young infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in infants aged &lt;90 days in England and Wales and describe their clinical characteristics following PCV7 introduction. Methods. Trends in IPD among infants aged &lt;90 days during 1998–1999 through 2009–2010 were analyzed using enhanced national surveillance data. Following PCV7 introduction, clinical information was also obtained for IPD cases in the birth cohorts eligible for vaccination. Results. Prior to PCV7 introduction, IPD incidence in infants aged &lt;90 days was 13.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.0–14.0) per 100 000 live births and PCV7 serotypes accounted for 44% (154/349) of serotyped isolates. PCV7 introduction resulted in 83% (95% CI, 66%–91%, P &lt; .001) reduction in PCV7 IPD and a declining trend in overall IPD by 2009–2010. Of the 256 cases diagnosed after PCV7 introduction, 23% (n = 60) had been born before 37 weeks' gestation. A third of cases (84/256, 33%) developed IPD in the first 48 hours of life, where 42% (35/84) were premature. Meningitis was diagnosed in 94 infants (37%) and its prevalence increased with age. Case fatality was 7% (18/256) and was higher for meningitis than nonmeningitis cases (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI, 1.2–12.0], P = .024). Conclusions. Young infants have benefited from PCV7 through indirect (herd) protection. Given that a third of cases occurred within 48 hours of birth, further studies should focus on risk factors for IPD in pregnancy and strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis934</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23175560</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CIDIEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Age groups ; ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES ; Bacterial diseases ; Biological and medical sciences ; Confidence Intervals ; Conjugate vaccines ; England - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ; Human bacterial diseases ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infants ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Medical sciences ; Meningitis ; Neonates ; Pediatrics ; Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections - prevention &amp; control ; Pneumococcal meningitis ; Pneumococcal Vaccines - administration &amp; dosage ; Population Surveillance ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Serotyping ; Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology ; Surveillance ; Vaccination ; Vaccination - methods ; Vaccines ; Wales - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2013-03, Vol.56 (5), p.633-640</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Mar 1, 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-c13ee388802afe68a198221c48ad89ccf5afdee56fd17ca9533de7604f41ddb63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-c13ee388802afe68a198221c48ad89ccf5afdee56fd17ca9533de7604f41ddb63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23481934$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23481934$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=27200327$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23175560$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ladhani, Shamez N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrews, Nick J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waight, Pauline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrow, Ray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slack, Mary P. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Younger Than 90 Days in England and Wales</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of invasive bacterial disease in young infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in infants aged &lt;90 days in England and Wales and describe their clinical characteristics following PCV7 introduction. Methods. Trends in IPD among infants aged &lt;90 days during 1998–1999 through 2009–2010 were analyzed using enhanced national surveillance data. Following PCV7 introduction, clinical information was also obtained for IPD cases in the birth cohorts eligible for vaccination. Results. Prior to PCV7 introduction, IPD incidence in infants aged &lt;90 days was 13.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.0–14.0) per 100 000 live births and PCV7 serotypes accounted for 44% (154/349) of serotyped isolates. PCV7 introduction resulted in 83% (95% CI, 66%–91%, P &lt; .001) reduction in PCV7 IPD and a declining trend in overall IPD by 2009–2010. Of the 256 cases diagnosed after PCV7 introduction, 23% (n = 60) had been born before 37 weeks' gestation. A third of cases (84/256, 33%) developed IPD in the first 48 hours of life, where 42% (35/84) were premature. Meningitis was diagnosed in 94 infants (37%) and its prevalence increased with age. Case fatality was 7% (18/256) and was higher for meningitis than nonmeningitis cases (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI, 1.2–12.0], P = .024). Conclusions. Young infants have benefited from PCV7 through indirect (herd) protection. 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E.</au><au>Miller, Elizabeth</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Younger Than 90 Days in England and Wales</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2013-03-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>633</spage><epage>640</epage><pages>633-640</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><coden>CIDIEL</coden><abstract>Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of invasive bacterial disease in young infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in infants aged &lt;90 days in England and Wales and describe their clinical characteristics following PCV7 introduction. Methods. Trends in IPD among infants aged &lt;90 days during 1998–1999 through 2009–2010 were analyzed using enhanced national surveillance data. Following PCV7 introduction, clinical information was also obtained for IPD cases in the birth cohorts eligible for vaccination. Results. Prior to PCV7 introduction, IPD incidence in infants aged &lt;90 days was 13.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.0–14.0) per 100 000 live births and PCV7 serotypes accounted for 44% (154/349) of serotyped isolates. PCV7 introduction resulted in 83% (95% CI, 66%–91%, P &lt; .001) reduction in PCV7 IPD and a declining trend in overall IPD by 2009–2010. Of the 256 cases diagnosed after PCV7 introduction, 23% (n = 60) had been born before 37 weeks' gestation. A third of cases (84/256, 33%) developed IPD in the first 48 hours of life, where 42% (35/84) were premature. Meningitis was diagnosed in 94 infants (37%) and its prevalence increased with age. Case fatality was 7% (18/256) and was higher for meningitis than nonmeningitis cases (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI, 1.2–12.0], P = .024). Conclusions. Young infants have benefited from PCV7 through indirect (herd) protection. Given that a third of cases occurred within 48 hours of birth, further studies should focus on risk factors for IPD in pregnancy and strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>23175560</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/cis934</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof Clinical infectious diseases, 2013-03, Vol.56 (5), p.633-640
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source JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; Oxford Journals Online
subjects Age groups
ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES
Bacterial diseases
Biological and medical sciences
Confidence Intervals
Conjugate vaccines
England - epidemiology
Epidemiology
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Immunity, Herd
Immunization Programs
Incidence
Infant
Infants
Infections
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Meningitis
Neonates
Pediatrics
Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology
Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control
Pneumococcal meningitis
Pneumococcal Vaccines - administration & dosage
Population Surveillance
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Serotyping
Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology
Surveillance
Vaccination
Vaccination - methods
Vaccines
Wales - epidemiology
title Impact of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Younger Than 90 Days in England and Wales
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