Fundamental biomechanics of the spine—What we have learned in the past 25 years and future directions

Abstract Since the publication of the 2nd edition of White and Panjabi׳s textbook, Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine in 1990, there has been considerable research on the biomechanics of the spine. The focus of this manuscript will be to review what we have learned in regards to the fundamentals of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomechanics 2016-04, Vol.49 (6), p.817-832
Main Author: Oxland, Thomas R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Animals
Back pain
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Biomedical Research - trends
Functional spinal unit
Humans
Hypotheses
Injuries
Intervertebral disc
Intervertebral Disc - anatomy & histology
Intervertebral Disc - physiology
Kinematics
Ligament
Ligaments
Ligaments - anatomy & histology
Ligaments - physiology
Loading
Mathematical models
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nutrition
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Pressure
Spinal cord
Spine
Spine - anatomy & histology
Spine - physiology
Vertebra
Viscoelasticity
Weight-Bearing - physiology
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Summary:Abstract Since the publication of the 2nd edition of White and Panjabi׳s textbook, Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine in 1990, there has been considerable research on the biomechanics of the spine. The focus of this manuscript will be to review what we have learned in regards to the fundamentals of spine biomechanics. Topics addressed include the whole spine, the functional spinal unit, and the individual components of the spine (e.g. vertebra, intervertebral disc, spinal ligaments). In these broad categories, our understanding in 1990 is reviewed and the important knowledge or understanding gained through the subsequent 25 years of research is highlighted. Areas where our knowledge is lacking helps to identify promising topics for future research. In this manuscript, as in the White and Panjabi textbook, the emphasis is on experimental research using human material, either in vivo or in vitro. The insights gained from mathematical models and animal experimentation are included where other data are not available. This review is intended to celebrate the substantial gains that have been made in the field over these past 25 years and also to identify future research directions.
ISSN:0021-9290
1873-2380
DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.035