Raman spectroscopy as an effective screening method for detecting adulteration of milk with small nitrogen-rich molecules and sucrose

Adulteration of milk for commercial gain is acknowledged as a serious issue facing the dairy industry. Several analytical techniques can be used to detect adulteration but they often require time-consuming sample preparation, expensive laboratory equipment, and highly skilled personnel. Here we show...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dairy science 2016-04, Vol.99 (4), p.2520-2536
Main Authors: Nieuwoudt, M.K., Holroyd, S.E., McGoverin, C.M., Simpson, M.C., Williams, D.E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Calibration
Milk - chemistry
milk adulteration
Nitrogen - analysis
Nitrogen Compounds - analysis
nitrogen-rich molecules
Raman spectroscopy
Reproducibility of Results
Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods
sucrose
Sucrose - analysis
Triazines - analysis
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Summary:Adulteration of milk for commercial gain is acknowledged as a serious issue facing the dairy industry. Several analytical techniques can be used to detect adulteration but they often require time-consuming sample preparation, expensive laboratory equipment, and highly skilled personnel. Here we show that Raman spectroscopy provides a simple, selective, and sensitive method for screening milk, specifically for small nitrogen-rich compounds, such as melamine, urea, ammonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, and for sucrose. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to determine limits of detection and quantification from Raman spectra of milk spiked with 50 to 1,000mg/L of the N-rich compounds and 0.25 to 4% sucrose. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration provided limit of detection minimum thresholds
ISSN:0022-0302
1525-3198
DOI:10.3168/jds.2015-10342