TiO2 Nanorod Array Constructed Nanotopography for Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fate and the Realization of Location-Committed Stem Cell Differentiation

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2016-04, Vol.12 (13), p.1770-1778
• Main Authors: Qiu, Jichuan, Li, Jianhua, Wang, Shu, Ma, Baojin, Zhang, Shan, Guo, Weibo, Zhang, Xiaodi, Tang, Wei, Sang, Yuanhua, Liu, Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism; Animals; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Lineage - drug effects; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics - pharmacology; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene expression; Male; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - metabolism; nanorods; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology - methods; nanotopography; Nanotubes - chemistry; Nanotubes - ultrastructure; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Rats, Wistar; self-renewal; Skin & tissue grafts; stem cell differentiation; Stem cells; Titanium - pharmacology
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503946

As a physical cue for controlling the fate of stem cells, surface nanotopography has attracted much attention to improve the integration between implants and local host tissues and cells. A biocompatible surface TiO2 nanorod array is proposed to regulate the fate of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). TiO2 substrates with different surface nanotopographies: a TiO2 nanorod array and a polished TiO2 ceramic are built by hydrothermal and sintering processes, respectively. The assessment of morphology, viability, gene expression, and protein characterization of the MSCs cultured on the different TiO2 substrates proves that a TiO2 nanorod array promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while a TiO2 ceramic with a smooth surface suppresses it. Periodically assembled TiO2 nanorod array stripes on the smooth TiO2 ceramic are constructed by a combination of microfabrication and a chemical synthesis process, which realizes the location‐committed osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. A route to control the differentiation of MSCs by a nanostructured surface, which can also control the location and direction of MSCs on the surface of biomaterials with micro‐nano scale surface engineering, is demonstrated. Location‐committed osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is realized on a patterned TiO2 ceramic (smooth surface) and TiO2 nanorod array (nanotopography surface). The TiO2 nanorod array promotes osteogenic differentiation, while TiO2 ceramic facilitates self‐renewal of MSCs. A route using surface nanotopography constructed by biocompatible TiO2 to control the self‐renewal or osteogenic differentiation behaviors of MSCs is demonstrated.