Perioral wrinkles are associated with female gender, aging, and smoking: Development of a gender-specific photonumeric scale

Background Perioral wrinkling is commonly reported among older adults, but its objective evaluation and causes remain poorly understood. Objective We sought to develop a photonumeric scale for perioral wrinkling and to elucidate contributory lifestyle factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2016-05, Vol.74 (5), p.924-930
Main Authors: Chien, Anna L., MD, Qi, Ji, BA, Cheng, Nancy, MD, Do, Thy Thy, MD, Mesfin, Missale, MD, Egbers, Robert, MD, Xie, Wenfei, MD, Chow, Conroy, MD, Chubb, Heather, MS, Sachs, Dana, MD, Voorhees, John, MD, Kang, Sewon, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging - physiology
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
Cross-Sectional Studies
crows feet
Dermatology
Female
gender differences
Humans
Life Style
Male
Middle Aged
Mouth
Multivariate Analysis
perioral wrinkling
photoaging
Photography
photonumeric scale
Regression Analysis
Risk Factors
Skin Aging - physiology
smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Young Adult
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Summary:Background Perioral wrinkling is commonly reported among older adults, but its objective evaluation and causes remain poorly understood. Objective We sought to develop a photonumeric scale for perioral wrinkling and to elucidate contributory lifestyle factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants for facial photographs and a survey. A gender-specific photonumeric scale for perioral wrinkling was developed and used by 3 graders to evaluate participant photographs. Scores and survey responses were used to create a multiple regression model to predict perioral wrinkling. Results In all, 143 participants aged 21 to 91 years were enrolled. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for interrater and intrarater reliability were high (>0.8) across 2 trials and 3 graders. A multiple regression model for prediction of perioral wrinkling severity included age, gender, and years of smoking as variables. Limitations The study was limited by sample size and a predominantly Caucasian study population. Conclusion We created a photonumeric scale that accounts for gender differences in perioral wrinkling and highlighted contributory variables to photoaging in this anatomical location.
ISSN:0190-9622
1097-6787
DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.042