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Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwanese Children
Objective To determine the potential influence of relative age on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in reference to an Asian country. Study design A total of 378 881 subjects aged 4-17 years during the study period (September 1, 1997 to August...
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Published in: | The Journal of pediatrics 2016-05, Vol.172, p.162-167.e1 |
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container_title | The Journal of pediatrics |
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creator | Chen, Mu-Hong, MD Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD Huang, Kai-Lin, MD Su, Tung-Ping, MD Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD Lin, Wei-Chen, MD Chang, Wen-Han, MSc Pan, Tai-Long, PhD Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD |
description | Objective To determine the potential influence of relative age on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in reference to an Asian country. Study design A total of 378 881 subjects aged 4-17 years during the study period (September 1, 1997 to August 31, 2011) were enrolled in our study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the likelihood of receiving ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those who were born in August (the youngest) compared with those who were born in September (the oldest). Results Both boys and girls born in August had a higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45-1.84; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15) and receiving ADHD medication (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.53-2.02; OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.26-2.18) than those born in September. Sensitivity tests conducted over different periods revealed consistent findings. Conclusions Relative age, as an indicator of neurocognitive maturity, is crucial in the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and receiving ADHD medication among children and adolescents. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the age of a child within a grade when diagnosing ADHD and prescribing medication for treating ADHD. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.012 |
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Study design A total of 378 881 subjects aged 4-17 years during the study period (September 1, 1997 to August 31, 2011) were enrolled in our study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the likelihood of receiving ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those who were born in August (the youngest) compared with those who were born in September (the oldest). Results Both boys and girls born in August had a higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45-1.84; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15) and receiving ADHD medication (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.53-2.02; OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.26-2.18) than those born in September. Sensitivity tests conducted over different periods revealed consistent findings. Conclusions Relative age, as an indicator of neurocognitive maturity, is crucial in the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and receiving ADHD medication among children and adolescents. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the age of a child within a grade when diagnosing ADHD and prescribing medication for treating ADHD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3476</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26973148</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Risk ; Taiwan</subject><ispartof>The Journal of pediatrics, 2016-05, Vol.172, p.162-167.e1</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2016 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-4caa0731d00cf19308fe33a372ab10b9a4ee39a4fb8565e76ee599115c4419cd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-4caa0731d00cf19308fe33a372ab10b9a4ee39a4fb8565e76ee599115c4419cd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973148$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Mu-Hong, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Kai-Lin, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Tung-Ping, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Wei-Chen, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Wen-Han, MSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Tai-Long, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwanese Children</title><title>The Journal of pediatrics</title><addtitle>J Pediatr</addtitle><description>Objective To determine the potential influence of relative age on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in reference to an Asian country. Study design A total of 378 881 subjects aged 4-17 years during the study period (September 1, 1997 to August 31, 2011) were enrolled in our study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the likelihood of receiving ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those who were born in August (the youngest) compared with those who were born in September (the oldest). Results Both boys and girls born in August had a higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45-1.84; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15) and receiving ADHD medication (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.53-2.02; OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.26-2.18) than those born in September. Sensitivity tests conducted over different periods revealed consistent findings. Conclusions Relative age, as an indicator of neurocognitive maturity, is crucial in the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and receiving ADHD medication among children and adolescents. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the age of a child within a grade when diagnosing ADHD and prescribing medication for treating ADHD.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Databases, Factual</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Taiwan</subject><issn>0022-3476</issn><issn>1097-6833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1vEzEQhi0EoqHwC5CQj1x2GX_s1wGkKAVaqRIShLPleGeLl40dbG-q_Hu8pPTAhct4RnrfmfEzhLxmUDJg9buxHA_Yx5LnogReAuNPyIpB1xR1K8RTsgLgvBCyqS_IixhHAOgkwHNyweuuEUy2K3K8ccM0ozNI_UC_4qSTPSJd3-Xa0Sur75yPNlLteroNqNMeXVqk65RyZr0rrnCwxiZ6fTpg0Cb7bTpla_Shx0Cto1tt77XDiHTzw059QPeSPBv0FPHVw3tJvn_6uN1cF7dfPt9s1reFqXiVCmm0hrxpD2AG1gloBxRCi4brHYNdpyWiyHHYtVVdYVMjVl3HWGWkZJ3pxSV5e-57CP7XjDGpvY0Gpymv4-eoWNPKpgKQLEvFWWqCjzHgoA7B7nU4KQZqAa5G9Qe4WoAr4CoDz643DwPm3R77R89fwlnw_izA_M2jxaCisQvv3gY0SfXe_mfAh3_8ZrLOGj39xBPG0c_BZYKKqZgN6tty8-XkrIbcBVrxG0KBqEM</recordid><startdate>20160501</startdate><enddate>20160501</enddate><creator>Chen, Mu-Hong, MD</creator><creator>Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD</creator><creator>Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Huang, Kai-Lin, MD</creator><creator>Su, Tung-Ping, MD</creator><creator>Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD</creator><creator>Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Lin, Wei-Chen, MD</creator><creator>Chang, Wen-Han, MSc</creator><creator>Pan, Tai-Long, PhD</creator><creator>Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160501</creationdate><title>Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwanese Children</title><author>Chen, Mu-Hong, MD ; Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD ; Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD ; Huang, Kai-Lin, MD ; Su, Tung-Ping, MD ; Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD ; Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD ; Lin, Wei-Chen, MD ; Chang, Wen-Han, MSc ; Pan, Tai-Long, PhD ; Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD ; Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-4caa0731d00cf19308fe33a372ab10b9a4ee39a4fb8565e76ee599115c4419cd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Databases, Factual</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Taiwan</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Mu-Hong, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Kai-Lin, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Tung-Ping, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Wei-Chen, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Wen-Han, MSc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Tai-Long, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of pediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Mu-Hong, MD</au><au>Lan, Wen-Hsuan, MD</au><au>Bai, Ya-Mei, MD, PhD</au><au>Huang, Kai-Lin, MD</au><au>Su, Tung-Ping, MD</au><au>Tsai, Shih-Jen, MD</au><au>Li, Cheng-Ta, MD, PhD</au><au>Lin, Wei-Chen, MD</au><au>Chang, Wen-Han, MSc</au><au>Pan, Tai-Long, PhD</au><au>Chen, Tzeng-Ji, MD, PhD</au><au>Hsu, Ju-Wei, MD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwanese Children</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of pediatrics</jtitle><addtitle>J Pediatr</addtitle><date>2016-05-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>172</volume><spage>162</spage><epage>167.e1</epage><pages>162-167.e1</pages><issn>0022-3476</issn><eissn>1097-6833</eissn><abstract>Objective To determine the potential influence of relative age on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in reference to an Asian country. Study design A total of 378 881 subjects aged 4-17 years during the study period (September 1, 1997 to August 31, 2011) were enrolled in our study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the likelihood of receiving ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those who were born in August (the youngest) compared with those who were born in September (the oldest). Results Both boys and girls born in August had a higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45-1.84; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15) and receiving ADHD medication (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.53-2.02; OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.26-2.18) than those born in September. Sensitivity tests conducted over different periods revealed consistent findings. Conclusions Relative age, as an indicator of neurocognitive maturity, is crucial in the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD and receiving ADHD medication among children and adolescents. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the age of a child within a grade when diagnosing ADHD and prescribing medication for treating ADHD.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>26973148</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.012</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Age Factors Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy Child Child, Preschool Databases, Factual Female Humans Logistic Models Male Pediatrics Risk Taiwan |
title | Influence of Relative Age on Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwanese Children |
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