Comparison of the effects of inosine and inosine monophosphate on growth, immune response, stress resistance and gut morphology of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major

• Published in: Aquaculture 2016-05, Vol.458, p.64-74
• Main Authors: Hossain, Md. Sakhawat, Koshio, Shunsuke, Ishikawa, Manabu, Yokoyama, Saichiro, Sony, Nadia Mahjabin, Ono, Sayoko, Fujieda, Takeshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemical compounds; Digestive system; Fish; Growth; Gut morphology; Immune system; Immunity; Inosine; Inosine monophosphate; Marine; Morphology; Nutrients; Oxidative stress; Pagrus major; Stress response
• ISSN: 0044-8486; 1873-5622
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.02.032

Inosine and inosine monophosphate (IMP) are the most extensively studied specific nucleotide for feeding stimulation research rather than using as functional nutrients for potential growth and health benefit of aquatic species. Therefore, a 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine comparative effects of inosine and IMP as functional nutrients on growth performance, immune responses, stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major). Casein based semi-purified basal diet was formulated to contain 54% protein, 11% lipid, without inosine and IMP supplementation (Control). Four levels of inosine nucleoside (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% for diet groups INO-0.2, INO-0.4, INO-0.6 and INO-0.8 respectively) and IMP nucleotide (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% for diet groups IMP-0.2, IMP-0.4, IMP-0.6 and IMP-0.8 respectively) were added to the basal diet. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of 6.6g. The results indicated that dietary inosine and IMP supplementations tended to improve growth performances, in which one of the best ones was found in diet group IMP-0.6, but the values did not significantly differ from those in diet groups IMP-0.4 and INO-0.4, respectively. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and bactericidal activity were significantly influenced by dietary supplementation of inosine and IMP. However, the values of these parameters were not significantly different among diet groups INO-0.4, IMP-0.4 and IMP-0.6. Total serum protein, catalase and lysozyme activity were also improved (P>0.05) by dietary supplementation of inosine and IMP. Supplementations improved both freshwater stress and oxidative stress resistances. Fish fed diet groups INO-0.4 and IMP-0.6 showed the least oxidative stress condition. Inosine and IMP supplementations significantly increased enterocyte height (hE), fold height (hF) of both anterior and posterior intestine and microvillus height (hMV) of posterior intestine compared to those of the control. The highest hF observed in diet group IMP-0.4 and the mean value was not significantly different from those in other IMP diets, INO-0.4 and INO-0.6, respectively. Significantly highest anterior hE and posterior hF, hE and hMV observed in diet group INO-0.4. However, no significant difference of posterior hF observed between INO-0.4 and IMP supplemented diet groups. Fish fed supplemented diets also showed improved survival compared to control (P>0.05). Consid