Versatile p-Type Chemical Doping to Achieve Ideal Flexible Graphene Electrodes

We report effective solution‐processed chemical p‐type doping of graphene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H, TFMS), that can provide essential requirements to approach an ideal flexible graphene anode for practical applications: i) high optical transmittance, ii) low sheet resistance (70 ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2016-05, Vol.55 (21), p.6197-6201
Main Authors: Han, Tae-Hee, Kwon, Sung-Joo, Li, Nannan, Seo, Hong-Kyu, Xu, Wentao, Kim, Kwang S., Lee, Tae-Woo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodes
chemical doping
Contact resistance
Doping
flexible OLEDs
Graphene
Light penetration
Organic chemistry
Organic light emitting diodes
Phosphorescence
Surface stability
transparent electrodes
Triflic acid
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Summary:We report effective solution‐processed chemical p‐type doping of graphene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H, TFMS), that can provide essential requirements to approach an ideal flexible graphene anode for practical applications: i) high optical transmittance, ii) low sheet resistance (70 % decrease), iii) high work function (0.83 eV increase), iv) smooth surface, and iv) air‐stability at the same time. The TFMS‐doped graphene formed nearly ohmic contact with a conventional organic hole transporting layer, and a green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode with the TFMS‐doped graphene anode showed lower operating voltage, and higher device efficiencies (104.1 cd A−1, 80.7 lm W−1) than those with conventional ITO (84.8 cd A−1, 73.8 lm W−1). Anodic optimization: p‐Type chemical doping of graphene with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) leads to a flexible graphene anode with 70 % reduced sheet resistance and 0.83 eV increased surface work function with excellent air‐stability. An OLED with TFMS‐doped graphene anode exhibited lower operating voltage and higher efficiency than those with conventional ITO anode.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.201600414