A comparison of whole wheat, refined wheat and wheat bran as inhibitors of heterocyclic amines in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and in the rat colonic aberrant crypt focus assay

Refined wheat, unrefined whole wheat, and wheat bran were studied for their ability to protect against heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in vitro and in vivo. Wheat bran, which binds HCAs in vitro, as well as refined wheat and unrefined whole wheat, inhibited the mutagenic activities of 2-amino-3-methylimi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food and chemical toxicology 2001-07, Vol.39 (7), p.655-665
Main Authors: Yu, Z, Xu, M, Santana-Rios, G, Shen, R, Izquierdo-Pulido, M, Williams, D.E, Dashwood, R.H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aberrant crypt foci
Amines - antagonists & inhibitors
Amines - toxicity
Animals
Antimutagenic Agents
Biological and medical sciences
Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens
Carcinogens - toxicity
Cereal grains
Chemical agents
Colon - drug effects
Colon - pathology
Colonic Neoplasms - chemically induced
Colonic Neoplasms - prevention & control
Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage
Heterocyclic amines
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Imidazoles - toxicity
Medical sciences
Mutagenicity Tests
Quinolines - toxicity
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Salmonella
Salmonella - drug effects
Salmonella - genetics
Solubility
Triticum - chemistry
Triticum aestivum
Tumors
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Summary:Refined wheat, unrefined whole wheat, and wheat bran were studied for their ability to protect against heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in vitro and in vivo. Wheat bran, which binds HCAs in vitro, as well as refined wheat and unrefined whole wheat, inhibited the mutagenic activities of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) when they were co-incubated and the supernatant (minus grain) was added to the Salmonella assay. The water-soluble fraction alone from refined and unrefined wheat, but not bran, also inhibited against these mutagens in vitro. In vivo, AIN-93G diets containing refined wheat or unrefined wheat were examined for their ability to inhibit IQ-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the Fischer 344 rat. A slight increase in the number of AC/ACF (aberrant crypts/ACF) was seen after 16 weeks in rats treated post-initiation with refined wheat ( P
ISSN:0278-6915
1873-6351
DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00012-6