Nutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity

Dairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of both metabolic and infectious diseases during the periparturient period. A major contributing factor to increased health disorders is alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Indeed, uncontrolled inflammation is a major contributing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dairy science 2016-06, Vol.99 (6), p.4967-4982
Main Author: Sordillo, L M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animal Feed - analysis
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Cattle - immunology
Cattle Diseases - immunology
Diet - veterinary
Female
Immune System
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - veterinary
Ketosis - immunology
Ketosis - veterinary
Lactation
Malnutrition - immunology
Malnutrition - veterinary
Mastitis, Bovine - immunology
Metabolic Diseases - immunology
Metabolic Diseases - veterinary
Micronutrients - administration & dosage
Micronutrients - deficiency
Placenta, Retained - immunology
Placenta, Retained - veterinary
Pregnancy
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Summary:Dairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of both metabolic and infectious diseases during the periparturient period. A major contributing factor to increased health disorders is alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Indeed, uncontrolled inflammation is a major contributing factor and a common link among several economically important infectious and metabolic diseases including mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, and ketosis. The nutritional status of dairy cows and the metabolism of specific nutrients are critical regulators of immune cell function. There is now a greater appreciation that certain mediators of the immune system can have a reciprocal effect on the metabolism of nutrients. Thus, any disturbances in nutritional or immunological homeostasis can provide deleterious feedback loops that can further enhance health disorders, increase production losses, and decrease the availability of safe and nutritious dairy foods for a growing global population. This review will discuss the complex interactions between nutrient metabolism and immune functions in periparturient dairy cattle. Details of how either deficiencies or overexposure to macro- and micronutrients can contribute to immune dysfunction and the subsequent development of health disorders will be presented. Specifically, the ways in which altered nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress can interact to compromise the immune system in transition cows will be discussed. A better understanding of the linkages between nutrition and immunity may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will reduce disease susceptibility in early lactation cows.
ISSN:0022-0302
1525-3198
DOI:10.3168/jds.2015-10354