Short-term effects of chewing gum on satiety and afternoon snack intake in healthy weight and obese women

Abstract Afternoon snacking contributes significantly to total energy intake. Strategies to enhance the satiety value of lunch and reduce afternoon snacking are of interest for body weight management. To assess whether between-meal gum chewing would enhance the satiety response to a fixed lunch meal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiology & behavior 2016-05, Vol.159, p.64-71
Main Authors: Park, Eunyoung, Edirisinghe, Indika, Inui, Taichi, Kergoat, Sophie, Kelley, Michael, Burton-Freeman, Britt
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Body Weight
Case-Control Studies
Chewing Gum
Cross-Over Studies
Eating - physiology
Female
Food intake
Humans
Middle Aged
Obese
Obesity - prevention & control
Psychiatry
Satiety
Satiety Response - physiology
Snacking
Snacks - physiology
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract Afternoon snacking contributes significantly to total energy intake. Strategies to enhance the satiety value of lunch and reduce afternoon snacking are of interest for body weight management. To assess whether between-meal gum chewing would enhance the satiety response to a fixed lunch meal; and assess the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) as a potential mediator of the response in non-obese healthy weight and obese women. Fifty unrestrained obese (n = 25) and non-obese healthy weight (n = 25) women participated in a two-arm cross-over study assessing multiple (15 min per hour × 3 h) gum chewing (GUM) occurrences or no gum (Control) on subjective ratings of satiety, subsequent sweet and salty snack intake, CCK and general metabolic responses. GUM compared to Control resulted in significant suppression of hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption (p < 0.05). Total snack energy intake was reduced ~ 9.3% by GUM, but not significantly different from Control (p = 0.08). However, overall carbohydrate intake was reduced by GUM (p = 0.03). This was consistent with a reduction in snacks characterized as high carbohydrate, low fat (p = 0.02). BMI specific effects indicated GUM reduced pretzel intake in obese women (p = 0.05) and Oreo cookie intake in healthy weight women (p = 0.03) 3 h after lunch. Metabolic responses and CCK did not differ between experimental conditions. Chewing gum intermittently post-lunch enhances perceptions of satiety and may have important implications in reducing afternoon high carbohydrate-snack intake.
ISSN:0031-9384
1873-507X
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.002