Higher Cardiovascular Risk in Common Variable Immunodeficiency and X-Linked Agammaglobulinaemia Patients

• Published in: Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2015-01, Vol.66 (4), p.237-241
• Main Authors: Vieira, Daniele Gonçalves, Costa-Carvalho, Beatriz Tavares, Hix, Sonia, da Silva, Rosangela, Correia, Milena S.G., Sarni, Roseli Oselka Saccardo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia - blood; Agammaglobulinemia - immunology; Agammaglobulinemia - physiopathology; Apolipoprotein A-I - blood; Apolipoproteins; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Body Mass Index; Brazil - epidemiology; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Child; Cholesterol; Cholesterol tests; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Common Variable Immunodeficiency - blood; Common Variable Immunodeficiency - immunology; Common Variable Immunodeficiency - physiopathology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Down-Regulation; Female; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked - blood; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked - immunology; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked - physiopathology; Health risks; Humans; Immunologic deficiency syndromes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Lecithin; Lipids - blood; Low density lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Original Paper; Patients; Risk; Risk factors; Studies; Tumor necrosis factor; Up-Regulation; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0250-6807; 1421-9697
• DOI: 10.1159/000435818

Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinaemia are primary immunodeficiencies classified as antibody deficiencies, and they both result in hypogammaglobulinaemia. Objective: Evaluate the lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk biomarkers in CVID and XLA patients. Methods: In total, 24 patients and 12 healthy controls matched by age and gender were included in the study. We evaluated anthropometric measurements, and seric total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apo A-I, small dense LDL (sdLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were assessed. Results: CRP (p = 0.008) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher, whereas HDL-c (p = 0.025) and apo A-I (p = 0.013) levels were significantly lower in patients than in the controls. In the patient group, a negative and significant correlation was observed between HDL-c and TNF-alpha (r = -0.406; p = 0.049) and between HDL-c and TG (r = -0.641; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinaemia patients presented themselves with increased inflammatory markers associated with a decreased HDL-c and apo A-I levels, which can predispose to a high cardiovascular risk.