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Interference of melanin in the susceptibility profile of Sporothrix species to amphotericin B

Background: The presence of melanin in the fungal cell is a major virulence factor of the genus Sporothrix since it protects the fungal cells against the defense systems. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the interference of melanin in the susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis and Spo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista iberoamericana de micologĂ­a 2016-03, Vol.33 (1), p.21-25
Main Authors: Mario, Debora Alves Nunes, Santos, Roberto Christ Vianna, Denardi, Laura Bedin, de Almeida Vaucher, Rodrigo, Santurio, Janio Morais, Alves, Sydney Hartz
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
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Summary:Background: The presence of melanin in the fungal cell is a major virulence factor of the genus Sporothrix since it protects the fungal cells against the defense systems. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the interference of melanin in the susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto to amphotericin B and itraconazole, drugs recommended as therapy for disseminated and subcutaneous sporotrichosis, respectively. Methods: Yeast cells were cultivated in minimal medium with or without l-DOPA in order to induce the production of melanin. Microdilution and killing assay methods were used to determine the antifungal activity against yeast cells with different amounts of melanin. Results: The killing assay showed that melanization protected isolates within the S. schenckii complex from amphotericin B, particularly in the lower concentrations tested. Conclusions: Studies combining amphotericin B and inhibitors of melanin are required in order to avoid this effect. Resumen Antecedentes La presencia de melanina en la celula fungica es un importante factor de virulencia del genero Sporothrix en el proceso de infeccion, pues protege al hongo de la accion del sistema inmunitario. Objetivos El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la interferencia de la melanina en la sensibilidad de Sporothrix brasiliensis y Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto a la anfotericina B y el itraconazol, antifungicos recomendados como terapia para la esporotricosis diseminada y la subcutanea, respectivamente. Metodos Se cultivaron celulas en la fase levaduriforme en medio minimo con o sin l-DOPA con el fin de inducir la produccion de melanina. La valoracion de la actividad antifungica sobre celulas de Sporothrix con diferente contenido en melanina se realizo mediante microdilucion en caldo y curvas de mortalidad. Resultados El ensayo mostro que la melanizacion protege de la accion de la anfotericina B a las especies del complejo S. schenckii, particularmente en las concentraciones mas bajas ensayadas. Conclusiones Se requieren estudios de combinacion entre diferentes clases de antifungicos o de anfotericina B con inhibidores de la melanina, con el fin de disminuir o evitar este efecto.
ISSN:1130-1406
DOI:10.1016/j.riam.2015.03.001