FlexISP: a flexible camera image processing framework

• Published in: ACM transactions on graphics 2014-11, Vol.33 (6), p.1-13
• Main Authors: Heide, Felix, Steinberger, Markus, Tsai, Yun-Ta, Rouf, Mushfiqur, Pająk, Dawid, Reddy, Dikpal, Gallo, Orazio, Liu, Jing, Heidrich, Wolfgang, Egiazarian, Karen, Kautz, Jan, Pulli, Kari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accounting; Cameras; Image processing; Pipelines; Representations; Sensors; State of the art
• ISSN: 0730-0301; 1557-7368
• DOI: 10.1145/2661229.2661260

Conventional pipelines for capturing, displaying, and storing images are usually defined as a series of cascaded modules, each responsible for addressing a particular problem. While this divide-and-conquer approach offers many benefits, it also introduces a cumulative error, as each step in the pipeline only considers the output of the previous step, not the original sensor data. We propose an end-to-end system that is aware of the camera and image model, enforces natural-image priors, while jointly accounting for common image processing steps like demosaicking, denoising, deconvolution, and so forth, all directly in a given output representation (e.g., YUV, DCT). Our system is flexible and we demonstrate it on regular Bayer images as well as images from custom sensors. In all cases, we achieve large improvements in image quality and signal reconstruction compared to state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, we show that our approach is capable of very efficiently handling high-resolution images, making even mobile implementations feasible.