Nanostructured zirconia decorated reduced graphene oxide based efficient biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer detection

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics 2016-04, Vol.78, p.497-504
• Main Authors: Kumar, Suveen, Sharma, Jai Gopal, Maji, Sagar, Malhotra, Bansi Dhar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antigens, Neoplasm - blood; Antigens, Neoplasm - chemistry; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Biomarkers, Tumor - isolation & purification; Biosensing Techniques; Biosensor; Biosensors; CYFRA-21-1; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Electron transfer; Graphene; Graphite - chemistry; Humans; Indium tin oxide; Keratin-19 - blood; Keratin-19 - chemistry; Mouth Neoplasms - blood; Mouth Neoplasms - genetics; Nanostructure; Oral cancer; Platforms; Reduced graphene oxide; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tin Compounds - chemistry; X-Ray Diffraction; Zirconia; Zirconium - chemistry; Zirconium dioxide
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.084

We report results of the studies relating to fabrication of a non-invasive, label-free and an efficient biosensing platform for detection of the oral cancer biomarker (CYFRA-21-1). One step hydrothermal process was used for uniform decoration of nanostructured zirconia (average particle size 13nm) on reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2–RGO) to avoid coagulation of the zirconia nanoparticles and to obtain enhanced electrochemical performance of ZrO2–RGO nanocomposite based biosensor. Further, ZrO2–RGO has been functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy saline (APTES) and electrophoretically deposited on the indium tin oxide coated glass substrate at a low DC potential.The APTES/ZrO2–RGO/ITO electrode exhibits improved heterogeneous electron transfer (more than two times) with respect to that of the APTES/ZrO2/ITO electrode indicating faster electron transfer kinetics. The –NH2 containing APTES/ZrO2–RGO/ITO platform is further biofunctionalized with anti-CYFRA-21-1. The structural and morphological investigations of the ZrO2–RGO based biosensing platform have been accomplished using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies. This immunosensor exhibits a wider linear detection range (2–22ngmL−1), excellent sensitivity (0.756µAmLng−1) and a remarkable lower detection limit of 0.122ngmL−1. The observed results have been validated via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). •ZrO2-RGO based biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer biomarker detection•Fabricated biosensor reveals improved heterogeneous electron transfer.•Immunosensor exhibits enhanced biosensing characteristics.•Immunosensor can detect CYFRA-21-1 biomarker in physiological range secreted in saliva of oral cancer patients.