A Connectivity-Aware Approximation Algorithm for Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks

In two-tiered wireless sensor networks (WSNs), relay node placement is one of the key factors impacting the network energy consumption and the system overhead. In this paper, a novel connectivity-aware approximation algorithm for relay node placement in the WSNs is proposed to offer a major step for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal 2016-01, Vol.16 (2), p.515-528
Main Authors: Chaofan Ma, Wei Liang, Meng Zheng, Sharif, Hamid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Approximation
approximation algorithm
Approximation algorithms
Approximation methods
Bridges
Connectivity
Frame relay
geometric disc cover
Mathematical analysis
network connectivity
Placement
Relay
relay node placement
Relays
Remote sensors
Search problems
Searching
Sensors
Wireless networks
Wireless sensor networks
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Summary:In two-tiered wireless sensor networks (WSNs), relay node placement is one of the key factors impacting the network energy consumption and the system overhead. In this paper, a novel connectivity-aware approximation algorithm for relay node placement in the WSNs is proposed to offer a major step forward in saving system overhead. In particular, a unique local search approximation algorithm (LSAA) is introduced to solve the relay node single cover (RNSC) problem. In this proposed LSAA approach, the sensor nodes are allocated into groups and then a local set cover (SC) for each group is achieved by a local search algorithm. The union set of all the local SCs constitutes a SC of the RNSC problem. The approximation ratio and the time complexity of the LSAA are analyzed by rigorous proof. In addition, the LSAA approach has been extended to solve the relay node double cover problem. Then, a relay location selection algorithm (RLSA) is proposed to utilize the resulting SC from the LSAA in combining RLSA with the minimum spanning tree heuristic to build the high-tier connectivity. As the RLSA searches for a nearest location to the sink node for each relay node, the high-tier network built by the RLSA becomes denser than that by existing works. As a result, the number of added relay nodes for building the connectivity of the high-tier WSN can be significantly saved. Simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed LSAA outperforms the approaches reported in literature and the RLSA-based algorithm can noticeably save relay nodes newly deployed for the high-tier connectivity.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2015.2456931