Selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using in situ generated ruthenium nanoparticles derived from Ru-NHC complexes

Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was studied by using mono- and bidentate p-cymene ruthenium(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as catalyst precursors. In water, all complexes were found to be reduced in situ to form ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) with a high hy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry 2016-01, Vol.45 (8), p.3558-3563
Main Authors: Tay, Boon Ying, Wang, Cun, Phua, Pim Huat, Stubbs, Ludger Paul, Huynh, Han Vinh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbenes
Catalysts
Hydrogenation
Ligands
Nanoparticles
Precursors
Ruthenium
Solvents
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Summary:Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was studied by using mono- and bidentate p-cymene ruthenium(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as catalyst precursors. In water, all complexes were found to be reduced in situ to form ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) with a high hydrogenation activity. In organic solvents, complexes with monodentate NHC ligands also formed nanoparticles, while complexes with bidentate ligands gave rise to stable homogeneous catalysts with moderate hydrogenation activities.
ISSN:1477-9226
1477-9234
DOI:10.1039/c5dt03366g