Extraction of fleshing oil from waste limed fleshings and biodiesel production

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) 2016-02, Vol.48, p.638-643
• Main Authors: Sandhya, K.V., Abinandan, S., Vedaraman, N., Velappan, K.C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonium Chloride - chemistry; Ammonium chlorides; Ammonium Sulfate - chemistry; Biodiesel; Biofuels; Calcium Compounds - chemistry; Central composite design; Chromatography, Gas; Diesel fuels; Energy-Generating Resources; Esters; Esters - chemistry; Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs); Fatty acids; Fleshing oil; Hydrochloric acid; Hydrochloric Acid - chemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limed fleshing; Oleic Acid - chemistry; Oxides - chemistry; Palmitic Acid - chemistry; Particle Size; Regression Analysis; Solvent extraction; Sulfuric Acids - chemistry; Temperature
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.033

•Limed fleshings are used as a feedstock for biodiesel production.•Different neutralization process was assessed on fleshing oil yield.•The influence of variable process parameters is studied using response surface methodology.•NH4Cl based neutralization process yields more oil than HCl.•FAMEs produced were rich in palmitic and oleic acid 46.2% and 32.2%. The aim of the study was focused on extraction of fleshing oil from limed fleshings with different neutralization process by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed by solvent extraction. The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from limed fleshing oil by two stage process has also been investigated. The central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of process variables viz., amount of flesh, particle size and time of fleshing oil extraction. The maximum yield of fleshing oil from limed fleshings post neutralization by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was 26.32g and 12.43g obtained at 200g of flesh, with a particle size of 3.90mm in the time period of 2h. Gas chromatography analysis reveals that the biodiesel (FAME) obtained from limed fleshings is rich in oleic and palmitic acids with weight percentages 46.6 and 32.2 respectively. The resulting biodiesel was characterized for its physio-chemical properties of diesel as per international standards (EN14214).