Role of MicroRNAs in NAFLD/NASH

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, 18–25 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes, and vice versa each target gene can be regulated by numerous miRNAs, suggesting a very complex network...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Digestive diseases and sciences 2016-05, Vol.61 (5), p.1314-1324
Main Authors: Szabo, Gyongyi, Csak, Timea
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
Fatty Liver - diagnosis
Fatty Liver - genetics
Fatty Liver - pathology
Gastroenterology
Gene Expression Regulation - physiology
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic transcription
Hepatology
Humans
Liver
Liver diseases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis
Metabolic Syndrome - genetics
Metabolic Syndrome - pathology
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnosis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology
Oncology
Review
Transplant Surgery
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, 18–25 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes, and vice versa each target gene can be regulated by numerous miRNAs, suggesting a very complex network and explaining how miRNAs play pivotal roles in fine-tuning essentially all biological processes in all cell types in the liver. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with an outlook to the broader aspects of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we discuss the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NAFLD/NASH.
ISSN:0163-2116
1573-2568
DOI:10.1007/s10620-015-4002-4