The innovative “Bio-Oil Spread” prevents metabolic disorders and mediates preconditioning-like cardioprotection in rats

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2016-07, Vol.26 (7), p.603-613
• Main Authors: Quintieri, A.M., Filice, E., Amelio, D., Pasqua, T., Lupi, F.R., Scavello, F., Cantafio, P., Rocca, C., Lauria, A., Penna, C., De Cindio, B., Cerra, M.C., Angelone, T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abdominal Fat - metabolism; Abdominal Fat - physiopathology; Adiposity; Animal Feed; Animals; Apoptosis; Bio-Oil Spread; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cardioprotection; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias - blood; Dyslipidemias - etiology; Dyslipidemias - prevention & control; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism; Glucose Intolerance - blood; Glucose Intolerance - etiology; Glucose Intolerance - prevention & control; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - etiology; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - pathology; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - physiopathology; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - prevention & control; Isolated Heart Preparation; Lipids - blood; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Myocardial Infarction - blood; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology; Myocardial Infarction - prevention & control; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - blood; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - pathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control; Myocardium - metabolism; Myocardium - pathology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - blood; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - etiology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - prevention & control; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal - blood; Obesity, Abdominal - etiology; Obesity, Abdominal - physiopathology; Obesity, Abdominal - prevention & control; Olive oil; Olive Oil - administration & dosage; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, IGF Type 1 - metabolism; Signal Transduction; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.02.009

Obesity is often associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The food industry and the associated research activities focus on formulating products that are a perfect mix between an adequate fat content and health. We evaluated whether a diet enriched with Bio-Oil Spread (SD), an olive oil-based innovative food, is cardioprotective in the presence of high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent obesity. Rats were fed for 16 weeks with normolipidic diet (ND; fat: 6.2%), HFD (fat: 42%), and ND enriched with SD (6.2% of fat + 35.8% of SD). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured. Heart and liver structures were analyzed by histochemical examination. Ischemic susceptibility was evaluated on isolated and Langendorff-perfused cardiac preparations. Signaling was assessed by Western blotting. Compared to ND rats, HFD rats showed increased body weight and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Morphological analyses showed that HFD is associated with heart and liver modifications (hypertrophy and steatosis, respectively), lesser evident in the SD group, together with metabolic and anthropometric alterations. In particular, IGF-1R immunodetection revealed a reduction of hypertrophy in SD heart sections. Notably, SD diet significantly reduced myocardial susceptibility against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with respect to HFD through the activation of survival signals (Akt, ERK1/2, and Bcl2). Systolic and diastolic performance was preserved in the SD group. We suggest that SD may contribute to the prevention of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular alterations typical of severe obesity induced by an HFD, including the increased ischemic susceptibility of the myocardium. Our results pave the way to evaluate the introduction of SD in human alimentary guidelines as a strategy to reduce saturated fat intake. •Bio-Oil Spread is an innovative food product, mainly based on olive oil.•A Bio-Oil Spread diet prevents metabolic disorders, thus limiting lipid accumulation and abdominal circumference.•The Bio-Oil Spread diet reduced heart hypertrophy and liver steatosis.•Spread Bio-Oil diet protected against Ischemia/Reperfusion myocardial injury by activation of pro-survival signals.