A comparative study of metal contamination in soil using the borehole method

The present study deals with possible contamination of the soil by metal ions which have been affecting the environment. The concentrations of metal ions in 14 borehole samples were studied using the ICP-OES standard method. The degree of contamination was determined on the basis of single element p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental monitoring and assessment 2016-07, Vol.188 (7), p.404-404, Article 404
Main Authors: Teh, T. L., Rahman, Nik Norulaini Nik Ab, Shahadat, Mohammad, Wong, Y. S., Syakir, Muhammad I., Omar, A. K. Mohd
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Boreholes
Chemical elements
Comparative studies
Developing countries
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Management
Environmental monitoring
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Pollution - analysis
Free trade
Groundwater
Groundwater - analysis
Groundwater pollution
Heavy metals
Humidity
LDCs
Lead
Metal concentrations
Metal ions
Metals
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Pollution
Pollution index
Risk assessment
Soil - chemistry
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Temperature
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Summary:The present study deals with possible contamination of the soil by metal ions which have been affecting the environment. The concentrations of metal ions in 14 borehole samples were studied using the ICP-OES standard method. The degree of contamination was determined on the basis of single element pollution index (SEPI), combined pollution index (CPI), soil enrichment factor (SEF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Geo-accumulation indices and contamination factors indicated moderate to strong contaminations for eight boreholes (BL-1, BL-2, BL-6, BL-8, BL-9, BL-10, BL-12, and BL-13) while the rest were extremely contaminated. Among all the boreholes, BL-3 and BL-11 demonstrated the highest level of Cd(II) and Pb(II) which were found the most polluted sites. The level of metal contamination was also compared with other countries. The development, variation, and limitations regarding the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination can be provided as a helpful guidance for the risk assessment of metal ions in developing countries.
ISSN:0167-6369
1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-016-5394-0