Low cost quantitative arsenic determination kit: A method by using silver nitrate

• Published in: Journal of the Geological Society of India 2014-07, Vol.84 (1), p.35-40
• Main Authors: Kar, S., Majumdar, R. K., Chaudhuri, M. K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arsenic; Arsenic content; Color; Colour; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Filter paper; Geology; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrochloric acid; Hydrogeology; Iodides; Leukemia; Low cost; Nitrates; Potassium; Sampling instruments; Sexually transmitted diseases; Silver; Software; Spectral analysis; STD; Sulfides; Syphilis; Water analysis; Water pollution; Water sampling; Zinc
• ISSN: 0016-7622; 0974-6889
• DOI: 10.1007/s12594-014-0108-0

Arsenic sometimes found in ground water which has adverse effect on human health at levels as low as 10μg/L. Arsenic is known to be one of the most toxic element that cannot be destroyed once it has entered to the environment. It is a dangerous poison at high doses but can cure diseases such as syphilis and leukaemia at low doses. The present study comprises a low cost technique for determination of arsenic concentration in groundwater up to 1000μg/L. The method is based on the reaction of arsenic (V) with potassium iodide and stannous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid medium to convert to arsenic (III) and needs 15 to 20 minutes time for complete conversion. After reaction with the granulated zinc (arsenic free), the evolved arsine gas is passed through wet cotton wool of lead acetate for absorbing any sulphide impurities and is finally absorbed by wet filter paper of silver nitrate which gives brown colour. The intensity of the colour varies with respect to the arsenic concentration present in ground water. A master colour chart is prepared by the known arsenic standard solution from 0 to 1000 μg/L for measuring the concentration range of arsenic in contaminated ground water. The quantitative arsenic determination is done with the help of colorimetric study. The absorbed colour of filter paper is thoroughly scanned and Red, Green and Blue (R-G-B) values are obtained by colour picking technique with the help of the software ‘Microsoft Paint’ under the operating system ‘Microsoft Windows 7’. The known arsenic concentrations are plotted against the R-G-B values of the corresponding absorbed colour and three master curves are drawn by the software ‘Mat lab’ for measuring the exact concentration of arsenic in groundwater. For validation, arsenic contamination test is conducted for the ground water samples collected from different areas of 24 Parganas district using our very low cost kit and other costly instruments like Digital Arsenator and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.