Morinda citrifolia leaf enhanced performance by improving angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & stress responses

• Published in: Food chemistry 2016-12, Vol.212, p.443-452
• Main Authors: Mohamad Shalan, Nor Aijratul Asikin, Mustapha, Noordin M., Mohamed, Suhaila
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Antioxidants - analysis; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epicatechin; Exercise performance; Fatigue; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Morinda; Morinda citrifolia leaves; Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects; Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology; Organelle Biogenesis; Plant Extracts - analysis; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plant Leaves; Scopoletin; Stress, Psychological - drug therapy; Stress, Psychological - metabolism; Stress, Psychological - psychology
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.179

•Morinda leaf extract (MCL) enhanced work performance & delayed fatigue.•MCL improved nutrient & metabolite management.•MCL decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, cortisol &H6PD expressions.•MCL increased mitochondrial biogenesis, energy production & angiogenesis.•MCL modulated neurotransmitter receptors and transporters mRNA expressions. Morinda citrifolia fruit, (noni), enhanced performances in athletes and post-menopausal women in clinical studies. This report shows the edible noni leaves water extract enhances performance in a weight-loaded swimming animal model better than the fruit or standardized green tea extract. The 4weeks study showed the extract (containing scopoletin and epicatechin) progressively prolonged the time to exhaustion by threefold longer than the control, fruit or tea extract. The extract improved (i) the mammalian antioxidant responses (MDA, GSH and SOD2 levels), (ii) tissue nutrient (glucose) and metabolite (lactate) management, (iii) stress hormone (cortisol) regulation; (iv) neurotransmitter (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin) expressions, transporter or receptor levels, (v) anti-inflammatory (IL4 & IL10) responses; (v) skeletal muscle angiogenesis (VEGFA) and (v) energy and mitochondrial biogenesis (via PGC, UCP3, NRF2, AMPK, MAPK1, and CAMK4). The ergogenic extract helped delay fatigue by enhancing energy production, regulation and efficiency, which suggests benefits for physical activities and disease recovery.