Orientation of absolute African Plate motion revealed by tomomorphometric analysis of the Ethiopian Dome

The Ethiopian dome, comprising the Ethiopian and Yemeni Plateaus, formed as a result of the uplift of Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Ethiopian rift shoulders; the uplift was essentially due to a mantle-plume activity. A digital elevation model of this region before rifting, constructed by using the rota...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geology (Boulder) 2000-12, Vol.28 (12), p.1147-1149
Main Authors: Collet, Bernard, Parrot, Jean François, Taud, Hind
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa
African Plate
Arabian Sea
Brackish
digital terrain models
domes
East Africa
East African Rift
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Dome
Ethiopian Plateau
Ethiopian Rift
Freshwater
Geophysics
Gulf of Aden
Indian Ocean
Kinetics
mantle
mantle plumes
Marine
movement
orientation
Plate tectonics
Prehistoric era
Red Sea
rift zones
rifting
solid Earth (tectonophysics)
uplifts
Yemeni Plateau
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Summary:The Ethiopian dome, comprising the Ethiopian and Yemeni Plateaus, formed as a result of the uplift of Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Ethiopian rift shoulders; the uplift was essentially due to a mantle-plume activity. A digital elevation model of this region before rifting, constructed by using the rotation of its constituent plates and pulling down the rift shoulders, reveals that important high areas existed before rifting. These highs are interpreted to be the result of mantle plume activity. A fast Fourier transform was used to smooth the digital elevation model prerift dome before a tomomorphometric analysis was applied to quantify the orientation of each digital elevation model horizontal slice. This procedure allowed us to determine a bearing of N30°E for absolute African plate motion since the Paleogene.
ISSN:0091-7613
1943-2682
DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1147:OOAAPM>2.0.CO;2