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Properties and architecture of the sperm whale skull amphitheatre
•The sperm whale skull amphitheatre is found to be a sandwich composite structure.•Histology of the bone reveals the predominating layers have a substantial woven component.•The middle layer is macroporous but contains larger quantities of primary bone.•Nanoindentation reveals a stiffness of ca. 13...
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Published in: | Zoology (Jena) 2016-02, Vol.119 (1), p.42-51 |
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creator | Alam, Parvez Amini, Shahrouz Tadayon, Maryam Miserez, Ali Chinsamy, Anusuya |
description | •The sperm whale skull amphitheatre is found to be a sandwich composite structure.•Histology of the bone reveals the predominating layers have a substantial woven component.•The middle layer is macroporous but contains larger quantities of primary bone.•Nanoindentation reveals a stiffness of ca. 13 GPa in each layer.•We relate the bone structure and histology to macro-mechanical properties, diving and crashing.
The sperm whale skull amphitheatre cradles an enormous two-tonne spermaceti organ. The amphitheatre separates this organ from the cranium and the cervical vertebrae that lie in close proximity to the base of the skull. Here, we elucidate that this skull amphitheatre is an elastic, flexible, triple-layered structure with mechanical properties that are conjointly guided by bone histology and the characteristics of pore space. We contend that the amphitheatre will flex elastically to equilibrate forces transmitted via the spermaceti organ that arise through diving. We find that collisions from sperm whale aggression do not cause the amphitheatre to bend, but rather localise stress to the base of the amphitheatre on its anterior face. We consider, therefore, that the uniquely thin and extended construction of the amphitheatre, has relevance as an energy absorptive structure in diving. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.zool.2015.12.001 |
format | article |
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The sperm whale skull amphitheatre cradles an enormous two-tonne spermaceti organ. The amphitheatre separates this organ from the cranium and the cervical vertebrae that lie in close proximity to the base of the skull. Here, we elucidate that this skull amphitheatre is an elastic, flexible, triple-layered structure with mechanical properties that are conjointly guided by bone histology and the characteristics of pore space. We contend that the amphitheatre will flex elastically to equilibrate forces transmitted via the spermaceti organ that arise through diving. We find that collisions from sperm whale aggression do not cause the amphitheatre to bend, but rather localise stress to the base of the amphitheatre on its anterior face. We consider, therefore, that the uniquely thin and extended construction of the amphitheatre, has relevance as an energy absorptive structure in diving.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-2006</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.12.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26781232</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Elsevier GmbH</publisher><subject>Animals ; Cetacea ; Diving - physiology ; Facial Bones - anatomy & histology ; Facial Bones - ultrastructure ; Physeter macrocephalus ; Skull - anatomy & histology ; Skull - physiology ; Skull - ultrastructure ; Sperm whale ; Sperm Whale - anatomy & histology ; Sperm Whale - physiology ; Spermaceti organ ; Stress, Mechanical ; Whale skull</subject><ispartof>Zoology (Jena), 2016-02, Vol.119 (1), p.42-51</ispartof><rights>2015 Elsevier GmbH</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-65fa653c85340bdd236f1bd6f94f5e63ca43acdfc0b812b45180110f3bcaf8e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-65fa653c85340bdd236f1bd6f94f5e63ca43acdfc0b812b45180110f3bcaf8e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781232$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alam, Parvez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amini, Shahrouz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadayon, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miserez, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinsamy, Anusuya</creatorcontrib><title>Properties and architecture of the sperm whale skull amphitheatre</title><title>Zoology (Jena)</title><addtitle>Zoology (Jena)</addtitle><description>•The sperm whale skull amphitheatre is found to be a sandwich composite structure.•Histology of the bone reveals the predominating layers have a substantial woven component.•The middle layer is macroporous but contains larger quantities of primary bone.•Nanoindentation reveals a stiffness of ca. 13 GPa in each layer.•We relate the bone structure and histology to macro-mechanical properties, diving and crashing.
The sperm whale skull amphitheatre cradles an enormous two-tonne spermaceti organ. The amphitheatre separates this organ from the cranium and the cervical vertebrae that lie in close proximity to the base of the skull. Here, we elucidate that this skull amphitheatre is an elastic, flexible, triple-layered structure with mechanical properties that are conjointly guided by bone histology and the characteristics of pore space. We contend that the amphitheatre will flex elastically to equilibrate forces transmitted via the spermaceti organ that arise through diving. We find that collisions from sperm whale aggression do not cause the amphitheatre to bend, but rather localise stress to the base of the amphitheatre on its anterior face. We consider, therefore, that the uniquely thin and extended construction of the amphitheatre, has relevance as an energy absorptive structure in diving.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Diving - physiology</subject><subject>Facial Bones - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Facial Bones - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Physeter macrocephalus</subject><subject>Skull - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Skull - physiology</subject><subject>Skull - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Sperm whale</subject><subject>Sperm Whale - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Sperm Whale - physiology</subject><subject>Spermaceti organ</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Whale skull</subject><issn>0944-2006</issn><issn>1873-2720</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkD1PwzAQhi0EouXjDzCgjCwJd3biJBJLVfElVYIBZstxzmpK0hQ7AcGvx1WBEaa74Xlf3T2MnSEkCCgvV8ln37cJB8wS5AkA7rEpFrmIec5hn02hTNOYA8gJO_J-BQACBR6yCZd5gVzwKZs9un5DbmjIR3pdR9qZZTOQGUZHUW-jYUmRD0AXvS91G_aXsW0j3W0CtSQ9ODphB1a3nk6_5zF7vrl-mt_Fi4fb-_lsEZs0K4dYZlbLTJgiEylUdc2FtFjV0papzUgKo1OhTW0NVOG0Ks2wAESwojLaFlSIY3ax6924_nUkP6iu8YbaVq-pH70KfJaWeRn-_xfNZQ6yQJAB5TvUuN57R1ZtXNNp96EQ1NayWqmtZbW1rJCrYDmEzr_7x6qj-jfyozUAVzuAgpC3hpzypqG1obpxwa2q--av_i97lI3s</recordid><startdate>20160201</startdate><enddate>20160201</enddate><creator>Alam, Parvez</creator><creator>Amini, Shahrouz</creator><creator>Tadayon, Maryam</creator><creator>Miserez, Ali</creator><creator>Chinsamy, Anusuya</creator><general>Elsevier GmbH</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160201</creationdate><title>Properties and architecture of the sperm whale skull amphitheatre</title><author>Alam, Parvez ; Amini, Shahrouz ; Tadayon, Maryam ; Miserez, Ali ; Chinsamy, Anusuya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-65fa653c85340bdd236f1bd6f94f5e63ca43acdfc0b812b45180110f3bcaf8e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cetacea</topic><topic>Diving - physiology</topic><topic>Facial Bones - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Facial Bones - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Physeter macrocephalus</topic><topic>Skull - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Skull - physiology</topic><topic>Skull - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Sperm whale</topic><topic>Sperm Whale - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Sperm Whale - physiology</topic><topic>Spermaceti organ</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Whale skull</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alam, Parvez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amini, Shahrouz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tadayon, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miserez, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinsamy, Anusuya</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Zoology (Jena)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alam, Parvez</au><au>Amini, Shahrouz</au><au>Tadayon, Maryam</au><au>Miserez, Ali</au><au>Chinsamy, Anusuya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Properties and architecture of the sperm whale skull amphitheatre</atitle><jtitle>Zoology (Jena)</jtitle><addtitle>Zoology (Jena)</addtitle><date>2016-02-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>42</spage><epage>51</epage><pages>42-51</pages><issn>0944-2006</issn><eissn>1873-2720</eissn><abstract>•The sperm whale skull amphitheatre is found to be a sandwich composite structure.•Histology of the bone reveals the predominating layers have a substantial woven component.•The middle layer is macroporous but contains larger quantities of primary bone.•Nanoindentation reveals a stiffness of ca. 13 GPa in each layer.•We relate the bone structure and histology to macro-mechanical properties, diving and crashing.
The sperm whale skull amphitheatre cradles an enormous two-tonne spermaceti organ. The amphitheatre separates this organ from the cranium and the cervical vertebrae that lie in close proximity to the base of the skull. Here, we elucidate that this skull amphitheatre is an elastic, flexible, triple-layered structure with mechanical properties that are conjointly guided by bone histology and the characteristics of pore space. We contend that the amphitheatre will flex elastically to equilibrate forces transmitted via the spermaceti organ that arise through diving. We find that collisions from sperm whale aggression do not cause the amphitheatre to bend, but rather localise stress to the base of the amphitheatre on its anterior face. We consider, therefore, that the uniquely thin and extended construction of the amphitheatre, has relevance as an energy absorptive structure in diving.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Elsevier GmbH</pub><pmid>26781232</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.zool.2015.12.001</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Cetacea Diving - physiology Facial Bones - anatomy & histology Facial Bones - ultrastructure Physeter macrocephalus Skull - anatomy & histology Skull - physiology Skull - ultrastructure Sperm whale Sperm Whale - anatomy & histology Sperm Whale - physiology Spermaceti organ Stress, Mechanical Whale skull |
title | Properties and architecture of the sperm whale skull amphitheatre |
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