(68)Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT Versus Histopathology in Primary Localized Prostate Cancer: A Voxel-Wise Comparison

• Published in: Theranostics 2016, Vol.6 (10), p.1619-1628
• Main Authors: Zamboglou, Constantinos, Schiller, Florian, Fechter, Tobias, Wieser, Gesche, Jilg, Cordula Annette, Chirindel, Alin, Salman, Nasr, Drendel, Vanessa, Werner, Martin, Mix, Michael, Meyer, Philipp Tobias, Grosu, Anca Ligia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antigens, Surface - administration & dosage; Edetic Acid - administration & dosage; Edetic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II - administration & dosage; Histocytochemistry - methods; Humans; Male; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - methods; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Radioisotopes - administration & dosage
• ISSN: 1838-7640
• DOI: 10.7150/thno.15344

We performed a voxel-wise comparison of (68)Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT with prostate histopathology to evaluate the performance of (68)Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA for the detection and delineation of primary prostate cancer (PCa). Nine patients with histopathological proven primary PCa underwent (68)Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT followed by radical prostatectomy. Resected prostates were scanned by ex-vivo CT in a special localizer and histopathologically prepared. Histopathological information was matched to ex-vivo CT. PCa volume (PCa-histo) and non-PCa tissue in the prostate (NPCa-histo) were processed to obtain a PCa-model, which was adjusted to PET-resolution (histo-PET). Each histo-PET was coregistered to in-vivo PSMA-PET/CT data. Analysis of spatial overlap between histo-PET and PSMA PET revealed highly significant correlations (p < 10(-5)) in nine patients and moderate to high coefficients of determination (R²) from 42 to 82 % with an average of 60 ± 14 % in eight patients (in one patient R(2) = 7 %). Mean SUVmean in PCa-histo and NPCa-histo was 5.6 ± 6.1 and 3.3 ± 2.5 (p = 0.012). Voxel-wise receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses comparing the prediction by PSMA-PET with the non-smoothed tumor distribution from histopathology yielded an average area under the curve of 0.83 ± 0.12. Absolute and relative SUV (normalized to SUVmax) thresholds for achieving at least 90 % sensitivity were 3.19 ± 3.35 and 0.28 ± 0.09, respectively. Voxel-wise analyses revealed good correlations of (68)Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT and histopathology in eight out of nine patients. Thus, PSMA-PET allows a reliable detection and delineation of PCa as basis for PET-guided focal therapies.