Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic determination of levofloxacin in human plasma and prostate tissue with use of experimental design optimization procedures

• Published in: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2016-09, Vol.1029-1030, p.48-59
• Main Authors: Szerkus, O., Jacyna, J., Wiczling, P., Gibas, A., Sieczkowski, M., Siluk, D., Matuszewski, M., Kaliszan, R., Markuszewski, M.J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics; Bacterial Infections - etiology; Bacterial Infections - prevention & control; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Design of experiments (DoE); Endosonography - adverse effects; Human plasma; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy - adverse effects; Levofloxacin; Levofloxacin - blood; Levofloxacin - pharmacokinetics; Limit of Detection; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate - metabolism; Prostate - microbiology; Prostate - pathology; Prostate tissue; Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx); UHPLC-DAD
• ISSN: 1570-0232; 1873-376X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.051

•An UHPLC-DAD method was developed for levofloxacin determination in human plasma and prostate samples of patients undergoing prostate biopsy.•The experimental design was successfully applied to optimize key parameters of extraction procedure, chromatographic separation and for robustness determination.•Validation studies demonstrated method’s sensitivity, reproducibility, precision and robustness in the range of linearity.•The method was successfully validated and applied to determine levofloxacine concentrations in 140 plasma and prostate samples. Fluoroquinolones are considered as gold standard for the prevention of bacterial infections after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. However, recent studies reported that fluoroquinolone- resistant bacterial strains are responsible for gradually increasing number of infections after transrectal prostate biopsy. In daily clinical practice, antibacterial efficacy is evaluated only in vitro, by measuring the reaction of bacteria with an antimicrobial agent in culture media (i.e. calculation of minimal inhibitory concentration). Such approach, however, has no relation to the treated tissue characteristics and might be highly misleading. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop, with the use of Design of Experiments approach, a reliable, specific and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- diode array detection method for the quantitative analysis of levofloxacin in plasma and prostate tissue samples obtained from patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Moreover, correlation study between concentrations observed in plasma samples vs prostatic tissue samples was performed, resulting in better understanding, evaluation and optimization of the fluoroquinolone-based antimicrobial prophylaxis during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize chromatographic conditions of the isocratic elution program in order to obtain desirable retention time, peak symmetry and resolution of levofloxacine and ciprofloxacine (internal standard) peaks. Fractional Factorial design 24−1 with four center points was used for screening of significant factors affecting levofloxacin extraction from the prostatic tissue. Due to the limited number of tissue samples the prostatic sample preparation procedure was further optimized using Central Composite design. Design of Experiments approach was also utilized for evaluation of parameter robustness. The method was found