Insights into the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan

Hemicelluloses are a vast group of complex, non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharides that are classified according to the principal monosaccharides present in its structure. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose found in lignocellulosic biomass. In the current trend of a more effective utilization of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2016-06, Vol.100 (12), p.5205-5214
Main Authors: Moreira, L. R. S., Filho, E. X. F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Biochemistry
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biopolymers
Biotechnology
Cellulose
Cellulose - metabolism
Chemical bonds
Chemical properties
Chemical research
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases - chemistry
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases - metabolism
Enzymes
Fungi
Glycoside Hydrolases - chemistry
Glycoside Hydrolases - metabolism
Hydrolysis
Life Sciences
Lignin
Lignocellulose
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Mini-Review
Phenols
Plant biomass
Plants - chemistry
Polysaccharides - metabolism
Studies
Substrate Specificity
Xylans
Xylans - metabolism
Xylosidases - chemistry
Xylosidases - metabolism
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Summary:Hemicelluloses are a vast group of complex, non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharides that are classified according to the principal monosaccharides present in its structure. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose found in lignocellulosic biomass. In the current trend of a more effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and developments of environmentally friendly industrial processes, increasing research activities have been directed to a practical application of the xylan component of plants and plant residues as biopolymer resources. A variety of enzymes, including main- and side-chain acting enzymes, are responsible for xylan breakdown. Xylanase is a main-chain enzyme that randomly cleaves the β-1,4 linkages between the xylopyranosyl residues in xylan backbone. This enzyme presents varying folds, mechanisms of action, substrate specificities, hydrolytic activities, and physicochemical characteristics. This review pays particular attention to different aspects of the mechanisms of action of xylan-degrading enzymes and their contribution to improve the production of bioproducts from plant biomass. Furthermore, the influence of phenolic compounds on xylanase activity is also discussed.
ISSN:0175-7598
1432-0614
DOI:10.1007/s00253-016-7555-z