Bioactive compounds from crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) white blood cells induced apoptotic cell death in hela cells

ABSTRACT Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) white blood cell extracts (WBCex) were examined for anticancer activity in HeLa cell lines using the MTT assay. The percentage viability of HeLa cells significantly deceased after treatment with WBCex in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The IC50 dose was s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology 2016-08, Vol.31 (8), p.986-997
Main Authors: Patathananone, Supawadee, Thammasirirak, Sompong, Daduang, Jureerut, Chung, Jing Gung, Temsiripong, Yosapong, Daduang, Sakda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alligators and Crocodiles
Animals
anticancer agents
antimicrobial peptide
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Cancer
Cell Extracts - pharmacology
Cell Survival - drug effects
Crocodylus siamensis
Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
HeLa Cells
Humans
leukocyte
Leukocytes - chemistry
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects
Mitochondria - metabolism
mitochondria membrane potential
Rodents
Siamese crocodile
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Summary:ABSTRACT Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) white blood cell extracts (WBCex) were examined for anticancer activity in HeLa cell lines using the MTT assay. The percentage viability of HeLa cells significantly deceased after treatment with WBCex in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The IC50 dose was suggested to be approximately 225 μg/mL protein. Apoptotic cell death occurred in a time‐dependent manner based on investigation by flow cytometry using annexin V‐FITC and PI staining. DAPI nucleic acid staining indicated increased chromatin condensation. Caspase‐3, −8 and −9 activities also increased, suggesting the induction of the caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of HeLa cells was lost as a result of increasing levels of Bax and reduced levels of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL, Bcl‐Xs, and XIAP. The decreased ΔΨm led to the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase‐9 and −3. Apoptosis‐inducing factor translocated into the nuclei, and endonuclease G (Endo G) was released from the mitochondria. These results suggest that anticancer agents in WBCex can induce apoptosis in HeLa cells via both caspase‐dependent and ‐independent pathways. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 986–997, 2016.
ISSN:1520-4081
1522-7278
DOI:10.1002/tox.22108