The effect of drinking water salinity on blood pressure in young adults of coastal Bangladesh

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) 2016-07, Vol.214, p.248-254
• Main Authors: Talukder, Mohammad Radwanur Rahman, Rutherford, Shannon, Phung, Dung, Islam, Mohammad Zahirul, Chu, Cordia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Bangladesh - epidemiology; Blood Pressure; Climate Change; Coastal Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinking water; Drinking Water - chemistry; Female; Fresh Water - chemistry; Humans; Male; Marine; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Salinity; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.074

More than 35 million people in coastal Bangladesh are vulnerable to increasing freshwater salinization. This will continue to affect more people and to a greater extent as climate change projections are realised in this area in the future. However the evidence for health effects of consuming high salinity water is limited. This research examined the association between drinking water salinity and blood pressure in young adults in coastal Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study during May-June 2014 in a rural coastal sub-district of Bangladesh. Data on blood pressure (BP) and salinity of potable water sources was collected from 253 participants aged 19–25 years. A linear regression method was used to examine the association between water salinity exposure categories and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) level. Sixty five percent of the study population were exposed to highly saline drinking water above the Bangladesh standard (600 mg/L and above). Multivariable linear regression analyses identified that compared to the low water salinity exposure category (600 mg/L), had statistically significantly higher SBP (B 3.46, 95% CI 0.75, 6.17; p = 0.01) and DBP (B 2.77, 95% CI 0.31, 5.24; p = 0.03). Our research shows that elevated salinity in drinking water is associated with higher BP in young coastal populations. Blood pressure is an important risk factor of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Given the extent of salinization of freshwater in many low-lying countries including in Bangladesh, and the likely exacerbation related to climate change-induced sea level rise, implementation of preventative strategies through dietary interventions along with promotion of low saline drinking water must be a priority in these settings. •Freshwater salinization will affect more people and to a greater extent as climate projections are realised in low-lying regions of the world.•The evidence for health effects of consuming high salinity drinking water is limited.•Consuming saline drinking water above 600 mg/L led to an approximate 3 mmHg rise in both SBP and DBP in young Bangladeshi coastal populations.•Appropriate interventions shall immediately be promoted to reduce blood pressure related health risks in the long term. Consumption of high saline drinking water above the acceptable range i.e. 600 mg/L in rural coastal Bangladesh led to an approximate 3 mmHg rise in both SBP and DBP in young popul