Differential parasitological, molecular, and serological detection of Trypanosoma cruzi I, II, and IV in blood of experimentally infected mice

• Published in: Experimental parasitology 2016-07, Vol.166, p.44-50
• Main Authors: Margioto Teston, Ana Paula, Paula de Abreu, Ana, Gruendling, Ana Paula, Bahia, Maria Terezinha, Gomes, Mônica Lúcia, Marques de Araújo, Silvana, Jean de Ornelas Toledo, Max
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Brazil; Chagas Disease - diagnosis; Chagas Disease - parasitology; DTU; ELISA; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hemoculture; Humans; Male; Mice; Parasitemia - diagnosis; Parasitemia - parasitology; PCR; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma cruzi - genetics; Trypanosoma cruzi - immunology; Trypanosoma cruzi - isolation & purification
• ISSN: 0014-4894; 1090-2449
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.013

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease), which affects 6–7 million people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. It presents great genetic and biological variability that plays an important role in the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease. Our working hypothesis is that the genetic diversity of T. cruzi has an important impact on detection of the parasite using diagnostic techniques. The present study evaluated the diagnostic performance of parasitological, molecular, and serological techniques for detecting 27 strains of T. cruzi that belonged to discrete typing units (DTUs) TcI (11 strains), TcII (four strains), and TcIV (12 strains) that were obtained from different hosts in the states of Amazonas and Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples were taken from experimentally infected mice and analyzed by fresh blood examination, hemoculture in Liver Infusion Tryptose (LIT) medium, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polymerase chain reaction presented the best detection of TcI, with 80.4% positivity. For all of the detection methods, the animals that were inoculated with TcII presented the highest positivity rates (94.1–100%). ELISA that was performed 7 months after inoculation presented a higher detection ability (95.4%) for TcIV. Intra-DTU comparisons showed that the reproducibility of the majority of the results that were obtained with the different methods was weak for TcI and good for TcII and TcIV. Our data indicate that the detection capability of different techniques varies with the DTUs of the parasites in mammalian blood. The implications of these findings with regard to the diagnosis of human T. cruzi infection are discussed. [Display omitted] •Diagnostic techniques was evaluated in blood with Trypanosoma cruzi I, II, and IV.•Conventional PCR was the technique with the best performance to detect TcI strains.•The highest positivity rates of diagnostic tests were recorded for TcII strains.•ELISA immunoassay displays the greater detection capability for TcIV strains.•Association of methods increased the detection of the parasite for all DTUs.