Circulating endothelial microparticles are elevated in bicuspid aortic valve disease and related to aortic dilation

• Published in: International journal of cardiology 2016-08, Vol.217, p.35-41
• Main Authors: Alegret, Josep M, Martínez-Micaelo, Neus, Aragonès, Gerard, Beltrán-Debón, Raúl
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aortic dilation; Aortic Diseases - metabolism; Aortic Diseases - pathology; Aortic root; Aortic Valve - abnormalities; Aortic Valve - metabolism; Aortic Valve - pathology; Ascending aorta; Bicuspid aortic valve; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Biomarkers - blood; Cardiovascular; Dilatation; E-Selectin - blood; Endothelial microparticles; Female; Heart Valve Diseases - metabolism; Heart Valve Diseases - pathology; Humans; Male; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood
• ISSN: 0167-5273; 1874-1754
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.184

Abstract Background/objectives The mechanisms underlying aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease are unknown. Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have emerged as biomarkers of endothelial damage. We sought to evaluate the relationships among EMPs, BAV disease, and aortic dilation. Methods Four evaluations were used. Circulating EMPs (PECAM+ , E-selectin+ ) were compared between BAV patients and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) control subjects. The variables related to circulating EMPs were investigated in BAV patients. Circulating EMP levels were compared between BAV and TAV patients with a dilated aorta. Finally, circulating EMPs in BAV patients were evaluated over time with respect to aortic valve surgery (AVS) or aortic surgery. Results We observed higher levels of circulating PECAM+ EMPs in the BAV patients than in the control subjects (3.98 ± 0.2 vs. 2.39 ± 0.4 per log PECAM+ EMPs/μl, p = 0.001). Aortic dilation was the most significant variable that correlated with the PECAM+ EMP levels in the BAV patients (β = 0.321, p = 0.008). The BAV patients with aortic dilation exhibited higher PECAM+ EMP levels than the TAV patients with dilated aortas, and this correlation was independent of aortic valve function. We observed a drastic decrease in the circulating PECAM+ EMPs following AVS and aortic root replacement (4.27 ± 0.6 and 1.75 ± 0.3 per log PECAM+ EMPs/μl, p = 0.002). Conclusion The observed pattern of higher circulating PECAM+ EMP levels links BAV disease to endothelial damage and aortic dilation. Circulating PECAM+ EMPs were identified as a biological variable related to aortic dilation in patients with BAV disease.