Growing degree hours - a simple, accurate, and precise protocol to approximate growing heat summation for grapevines

Despite its low accuracy and consistency, growing degree days (GDD) has been widely used to approximate growing heat summation (GHS) for regional classification and phenological prediction. GDD is usually calculated from the mean of daily minimum and maximum temperatures (GDD mm ) above a growing ba...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of biometeorology 2016-08, Vol.60 (8), p.1123-1134
Main Author: Gu, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Physiology
Approximation
Biological and Medical Physics
Biophysics
California
Classification
Data processing
Data recording
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Health
Error analysis
Grapevines
Heat
Integration
Mathematical analysis
Maximum temperatures
Meteorology
Original Paper
Plant growth
Plant Physiology
Seasons
Temperature
Temperature effects
Time Factors
Vitis - growth & development
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Summary:Despite its low accuracy and consistency, growing degree days (GDD) has been widely used to approximate growing heat summation (GHS) for regional classification and phenological prediction. GDD is usually calculated from the mean of daily minimum and maximum temperatures (GDD mm ) above a growing base temperature ( T gb ). To determine approximation errors and accuracy, daily and cumulative GDD mm was compared to GDD based on daily average temperature (GDD avg ), growing degree hours (GDH) based on hourly temperatures, and growing degree minutes (GDM) based on minute-by-minute temperatures. Finite error, due to the difference between measured and true temperatures above T gb is large in GDD mm but is negligible in GDD avg , GDH, and GDM, depending only upon the number of measured temperatures used for daily approximation. Hidden negative error, due to the temperatures below T gb when being averaged for approximation intervals larger than measuring interval, is large in GDD mm and GDD avg but is negligible in GDH and GDM. Both GDH and GDM improve GHS approximation accuracy over GDD mm or GDD avg by summation of multiple integration rectangles to reduce both finite and hidden negative errors. GDH is proposed as the standardized GHS approximation protocol, providing adequate accuracy and high precision independent upon T gb while requiring simple data recording and processing.
ISSN:0020-7128
1432-1254
DOI:10.1007/s00484-015-1105-8