In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease

• Published in: Anaerobe 2014-08, Vol.28, p.104-108
• Main Authors: Khazandi, Manouchehr, Bird, Philip S., Owens, Jane, Wilson, Gary, Meyer, James N., Trott, Darren J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Bacteria; Bacteria, Anaerobic - classification; Bacteria, Anaerobic - drug effects; Bacteria, Anaerobic - isolation & purification; Cat Diseases - microbiology; Cats; Cefovecin; Cephalosporins - pharmacology; Dental Plaque - microbiology; DNA, Bacterial - chemistry; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics; Dog Diseases - microbiology; Dogs; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Periodontal disease; Periodontal Diseases - microbiology; Periodontal Diseases - veterinary; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas gulae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Solobacterium; Solobacterium moorei
• ISSN: 1075-9964; 1095-8274
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.001

Periodontal disease is a common disease of dogs and cats often requiring antimicrobial treatment as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. However, correct compliance with oral antimicrobial therapy in companion animals is often difficult. Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days. Subgingival samples were collected from the oral cavity of 29 dogs and eight cats exhibiting grade 2 or grade 3 periodontal disease. Samples were cultivated on Wilkin Chalgrens agar and incubated in an anaerobic chamber for seven days. Selected anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for cefovecin and six additional antimicrobials using the agar dilution methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The 65 clinical isolates were identified as Porphyromonas gulae (n = 45), Porphyromonas crevioricanis (n = 12), Porphyromonas macacae (n = 1), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (n = 1) Fusobacterium nucleatum (n = 2), Fusobacterium russii (n = 1) and Solobacterium moorei (n = 3). This is the first report of S. moorei being isolated from companion animals with periodontal disease. All isolates were highly susceptible to cefovecin, with a MIC90 of ≤0.125 μg/ml. Conversely, different resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin between isolates were detected. Cefovecin is thus shown to be effective in vitro against anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with periodontal disease. •Cefovecin is an effective antimicrobial against anaerobes isolated from dogs/cats with PD.•For the first time, Solobacterium moorei was isolated from dogs with confirmed periodontitis.•Porphyromonas gulae and Porphyromonas crevioricanis were the dominant Gram-negative anaerobes in dogs/cats with PD.•Subgroup of 15 isolates showed resistance to one or more antimicrobials.