Prevalence, risk factors and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in five provinces of Northern China

• Published in: Acta tropica 2016-09, Vol.161, p.68-72
• Main Authors: Xu, Chao, Ma, Xusheng, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Xiao-Xuan, Zhao, Jia-Ping, Ba, Heng-Xing, Rui-Du, Xing, Xiu Mei, Wang, Quan-Kai, Zhao, Quan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; China; China - epidemiology; Dogs; Enterocytozoon - genetics; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; Feces - microbiology; Genotype; Genotyping; Microsporidiosis - epidemiology; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Prevalence; Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides); Raccoon Dogs - microbiology; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 0001-706X; 1873-6254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.015

Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are considered as an important economic animal, and they are one of the most important reservoirs of E. bieneusi. [Display omitted] •This is the first report of E. bieneusi in raccoon dogs in three provinces, China.•The overall E. bieneusi prevalence was 22.30% (68/305).•Age, gender and regions were related to the E. bieneusi infection in this study.•Six genotypes (D, CHN-DC1, NCF2, CHN-F1, NCR2 and NCR1) were found in this study. The disease microsporidiosis is found worldwide and is mainly caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi. E. bieneusi can infect a wide range of hosts; however, information regarding the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi infection in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is limited. Therefore, in 2015, we examined 305 faecel samples from 80 farmed raccoon dogs in Jilin Province, from 54 in Hebei Province, from 72 in Liaoning Province, from 29 in Shandong Province, and from 40 in Heilongjiang Province. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in farmed raccoon dogs was 22.30%. Logistic regression analysis suggests that age, gender and region of raccoon dogs were highly related to the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection. Moreover, six E. bieneusi internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences, including four known genotypes, namely D, CHN-DC1, NCF2, and CHN-F1, and two novel genotypes (NCR1 and NCR2), were identified in the present study. The present study firstly indicated the existence of E. bieneusi genotypes NCF2, NCR1, NCR2and CHN-F1 in infected raccoon dogs in Northern China. Integrated control strategies should be implemented to limit E. bieneusi infection in farmed raccoon dogs, and to prevent transmission of this disease to other animals and humans.