Coronary angiography and myocardial revascularization following the first acute myocardial infarction in Norway during 2001–2009: Analyzing time trends and educational inequalities using data from the CVDNOR project

• Published in: International journal of cardiology 2016-06, Vol.212, p.122-128
• Main Authors: Sulo, Enxhela, Nygård, Ottar, Vollset, Stein Emil, Igland, Jannicke, Sulo, Gerhard, Ebbing, Marta, Egeland, Grace M, Hawkins, Nathaniel M, Tell, Grethe S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; AMI; CABG; Cardiovascular; Coronary angiography; Coronary Angiography - trends; Coronary Angiography - utilization; Educational inequalities; Educational Status; Epidemiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - diagnostic imaging; Myocardial Infarction - epidemiology; Myocardial Infarction - surgery; Myocardial Revascularization - trends; Myocardial Revascularization - utilization; Norway - epidemiology; PCI; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistics as Topic - methods; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0167-5273; 1874-1754
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.050

Abstract Background We analyzed trends in the utilization of coronary angiography and revascularization – including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) - related to the first AMI and explored potential educational inequalities in such procedures. Methods and Results All first AMI patients aged 35–89, hospitalized during 2001–2009 were retrieved from ‘The Cardiovascular Disease in Norway’ project. Information on education was obtained from The Norwegian Education Database. Gender and age group-specific trends in coronary procedures were analyzed using Joinpoint regression. Educational inequalities were explored using multivariable Poisson regression and reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR). A total of 104 836 patients (37.3% women) were included. Revascularization rates increased on average 9.0% and 15.4% per year among younger (35–64 years) and older (65–89 years) men. Corresponding increases among women were 5.6% and 16.6%. Compared to patients with primary education only, those with secondary and tertiary education had 8% (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI; 1.06–1.10) and 12% (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI; 1.09–1.14) higher revascularization rates. Educational inequalities were entirely driven by educational differences in receiving coronary angiography (IRR = 1.10, 95% CI; 1.08–1.11 for secondary versus primary and IRR = 1.14, 95% CI; 1.12–1.16 for tertiary versus primary education level.) Among diagnosed patients, no educational differences were observed in coronary revascularization rates. Conclusion Revascularization rates increased whereas educational differences in revascularization decreased among AMI patients in Norway during 2001–2009. Lower coronary revascularization rates among patients with low education were explained by educational differences in receiving coronary angiography.