Evaluation of Noncorn Host Plants as a Refuge in a Resistance Management Program for European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt-Corn

Studies in New York and Pennsylvania compared egg mass recruitment and larval survival on corn and other hosts of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (H[umlaut]ubner), to assess the potential of these plants to act as a refuge in a resistance management program. Assessments were made on repl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental entomology 2001-08, Vol.30 (4), p.728-735
Main Authors: Losey, John E, Calvin, Dennis D, Carter, Maureen E, Mason, Charles E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacillus thuringiensis
Biological and medical sciences
Control
corn
Crambidae
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Integrated pest control
larval survival
Ostrinia nubilalis
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
POPULATION ECOLOGY
Protozoa. Invertebrates
resistance management
weeds
Zea mays
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Summary:Studies in New York and Pennsylvania compared egg mass recruitment and larval survival on corn and other hosts of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (H[umlaut]ubner), to assess the potential of these plants to act as a refuge in a resistance management program. Assessments were made on replicated plantings and natural plant stands in the field and under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Scouting of mixed field plantings revealed more egg masses on corn than any other crop or weed species. At least twice as many larvae per plant were recovered from naturally infested corn compared with the next best host plant across both years. Larval recovery from noncorn host plants varied widely. Fewer adults emerged from overwintering weed stubble than from corn stubble, and the parasitoid Macrocentris grandii (Goidanich) was found associated only with corn stubble. Survival on plants infested with corn borer larvae was consistently higher on corn than on other plants. In a laboratory study, the number of corn borer tunnels in corn was double the next best host, ragweed. Noncorn hosts appear unlikely to provide a substantial number of corn borer individuals susceptible to B. thuringiensis (Berliner) in comparison with the number expected from the 20% planting refuge mandated by EPA registration of Bt-corn. Evidence from these studies do not support a recommendation of reduced refuge planting areas in the northeastern United States.
ISSN:0046-225X
1938-2936
DOI:10.1603/0046-225X-30.4.728