Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen

Summary The treatment of transwomen relies on the combined administration of anti‐androgens or GnRH analogues to suppress androgen production and thereby reduce male phenotypic characteristics together with oestrogens to develop female characteristics. In transwomen, synthetic oestrogens such as eth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical endocrinology (Oxford) 2015-11, Vol.83 (5), p.607-615
Main Authors: Meriggiola, Maria Cristina, Gava, Giulia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Androgen Antagonists - administration & dosage
Androgen Antagonists - adverse effects
Breast cancer
Estrogens - administration & dosage
Estrogens - adverse effects
Female
Feminization - chemically induced
Fertility Preservation
Gender Dysphoria - drug therapy
Humans
Male
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Summary:Summary The treatment of transwomen relies on the combined administration of anti‐androgens or GnRH analogues to suppress androgen production and thereby reduce male phenotypic characteristics together with oestrogens to develop female characteristics. In transwomen, synthetic oestrogens such as ethinyl oestradiol, as well as conjugated equine oestrogens (CEE), should be avoided to minimize thromboembolic risks especially in older transwomen and in those with risk factors. Currently, available short‐ and long‐term safety studies suggest that cross‐sex hormonal therapy (CHT) can be considered safe in transwomen improving the well‐being and quality of life of these individuals. Long‐term monitoring should aim to decrease cardiovascular risks and should include prostate and breast cancer screenings.
ISSN:0300-0664
1365-2265
DOI:10.1111/cen.12754