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The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise
Purpose The purposes of this experiment were to, first, document the effect of 45-kg thoracic loading on peak exercise responses and, second, the effects of systematic increases in thoracic load on physiological responses to submaximal treadmill walking at a standardized speed and grade. Methods On...
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| Published in: | European journal of applied physiology 2016-09, Vol.116 (9), p.1725-1734 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-7655a2ac8ac380c1f1b50af67701325c976a3a744984917bee35b71836f6de933 |
| container_end_page | 1734 |
| container_issue | 9 |
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| container_title | European journal of applied physiology |
| container_volume | 116 |
| creator | Phillips, Devin B. Ehnes, Cameron M. Stickland, Michael K. Petersen, Stewart R. |
| description | Purpose
The purposes of this experiment were to, first, document the effect of 45-kg thoracic loading on peak exercise responses and, second, the effects of systematic increases in thoracic load on physiological responses to submaximal treadmill walking at a standardized speed and grade.
Methods
On separate days, 19 males (age 27 ± 5 years, height 180.0 ± 7.4 cm, mass 86.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed randomly ordered graded exercise tests to exhaustion in loaded (45 kg) and unloaded conditions. On a third day, each subject completed four randomly ordered, 10-min bouts of treadmill walking at 1.34 m s
−1
and 4 % grade in the following conditions: unloaded, and with backpacks weighted to 15, 30, and 45 kg.
Results
With 45-kg thoracic loading, absolute oxygen consumption (
V
˙
O
2
), minute ventilation, power output, and test duration were significantly decreased at peak exercise. End-inspiratory lung volume and tidal volume were significantly reduced with no changes in end-expiratory lung volume, breathing frequency, and the respiratory exchange ratio. Peak end-tidal carbon dioxide and the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide production were similar between conditions. The reductions in peak physiological responses were greater than expected based on previous research with lighter loads. During submaximal treadmill exercise,
V
˙
O
2
increased (
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00421-016-3427-6 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1815703619</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4146411791</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-7655a2ac8ac380c1f1b50af67701325c976a3a744984917bee35b71836f6de933</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkctq3TAQhkVpaW59gG6KoJtsnGh09zKE3CDQTboMQkdnfI5PbcuRbEjeJs-SJ4udk4RSKGQ1A_PNP0gfId-BHQFj5jgzJjkUDHQhJDeF_kR2QYqy0IKbz-89lDtkL-cNY8xysF_JDjeiVEzJXXJ7s0Zat70PA40VHdYx-VAH2kS_pMGnVPsV0rGnQ6RSPT3-WdHYTRjOw2Ud-7FpY-fTA02Y-9hlnEm8xxTqjAfkS-WbjN9e6z75fX52c3pZXP-6uDo9uS6CVGIojFbKcx-sD8KyABUsFPOVNoaB4CqURnvhjZSllSWYBaJQCwNW6EovsRRinxxuc_sU70bMg2vrHLBpfIdxzA4sKMOEhvIjKFjJlbET-vMfdBPH1E0PeaFAAfD5NmypkGLOCSvXp7qdfsQBc7Mmt9XkJk1u1uT0tPPjNXlctLh833jzMgF8C-Rp1K0w_XX6v6nPCC-bdA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1811151123</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Phillips, Devin B. ; Ehnes, Cameron M. ; Stickland, Michael K. ; Petersen, Stewart R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Phillips, Devin B. ; Ehnes, Cameron M. ; Stickland, Michael K. ; Petersen, Stewart R.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The purposes of this experiment were to, first, document the effect of 45-kg thoracic loading on peak exercise responses and, second, the effects of systematic increases in thoracic load on physiological responses to submaximal treadmill walking at a standardized speed and grade.
Methods
On separate days, 19 males (age 27 ± 5 years, height 180.0 ± 7.4 cm, mass 86.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed randomly ordered graded exercise tests to exhaustion in loaded (45 kg) and unloaded conditions. On a third day, each subject completed four randomly ordered, 10-min bouts of treadmill walking at 1.34 m s
−1
and 4 % grade in the following conditions: unloaded, and with backpacks weighted to 15, 30, and 45 kg.
Results
With 45-kg thoracic loading, absolute oxygen consumption (
V
˙
O
2
), minute ventilation, power output, and test duration were significantly decreased at peak exercise. End-inspiratory lung volume and tidal volume were significantly reduced with no changes in end-expiratory lung volume, breathing frequency, and the respiratory exchange ratio. Peak end-tidal carbon dioxide and the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide production were similar between conditions. The reductions in peak physiological responses were greater than expected based on previous research with lighter loads. During submaximal treadmill exercise,
V
˙
O
2
increased (
P
< 0.05) by 11.0 (unloaded to 15 kg), 14.5 (15–30 kg), and 18.0 % (30–45 kg) showing that the increase in exercise
V
˙
O
2
was not proportional to load mass.
Conclusion
These results provide further insight into the specificity of physiological responses to different types of load carriage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-6319</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-6327</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3427-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27395054</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Carbon dioxide ; Exercise ; Exercise - physiology ; Exercise Test ; Fitness equipment ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Metabolism ; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine ; Original Article ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Physical Endurance - physiology ; Physiology ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology ; Respiratory Mechanics - physiology ; Sports Medicine ; Thorax - physiology ; Ventilation ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>European journal of applied physiology, 2016-09, Vol.116 (9), p.1725-1734</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-7655a2ac8ac380c1f1b50af67701325c976a3a744984917bee35b71836f6de933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-7655a2ac8ac380c1f1b50af67701325c976a3a744984917bee35b71836f6de933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27395054$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Phillips, Devin B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehnes, Cameron M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stickland, Michael K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Stewart R.</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise</title><title>European journal of applied physiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><description>Purpose
The purposes of this experiment were to, first, document the effect of 45-kg thoracic loading on peak exercise responses and, second, the effects of systematic increases in thoracic load on physiological responses to submaximal treadmill walking at a standardized speed and grade.
Methods
On separate days, 19 males (age 27 ± 5 years, height 180.0 ± 7.4 cm, mass 86.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed randomly ordered graded exercise tests to exhaustion in loaded (45 kg) and unloaded conditions. On a third day, each subject completed four randomly ordered, 10-min bouts of treadmill walking at 1.34 m s
−1
and 4 % grade in the following conditions: unloaded, and with backpacks weighted to 15, 30, and 45 kg.
Results
With 45-kg thoracic loading, absolute oxygen consumption (
V
˙
O
2
), minute ventilation, power output, and test duration were significantly decreased at peak exercise. End-inspiratory lung volume and tidal volume were significantly reduced with no changes in end-expiratory lung volume, breathing frequency, and the respiratory exchange ratio. Peak end-tidal carbon dioxide and the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide production were similar between conditions. The reductions in peak physiological responses were greater than expected based on previous research with lighter loads. During submaximal treadmill exercise,
V
˙
O
2
increased (
P
< 0.05) by 11.0 (unloaded to 15 kg), 14.5 (15–30 kg), and 18.0 % (30–45 kg) showing that the increase in exercise
V
˙
O
2
was not proportional to load mass.
Conclusion
These results provide further insight into the specificity of physiological responses to different types of load carriage.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lifting</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - physiology</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology</subject><subject>Respiratory Mechanics - physiology</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Thorax - physiology</subject><subject>Ventilation</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>1439-6319</issn><issn>1439-6327</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkctq3TAQhkVpaW59gG6KoJtsnGh09zKE3CDQTboMQkdnfI5PbcuRbEjeJs-SJ4udk4RSKGQ1A_PNP0gfId-BHQFj5jgzJjkUDHQhJDeF_kR2QYqy0IKbz-89lDtkL-cNY8xysF_JDjeiVEzJXXJ7s0Zat70PA40VHdYx-VAH2kS_pMGnVPsV0rGnQ6RSPT3-WdHYTRjOw2Ud-7FpY-fTA02Y-9hlnEm8xxTqjAfkS-WbjN9e6z75fX52c3pZXP-6uDo9uS6CVGIojFbKcx-sD8KyABUsFPOVNoaB4CqURnvhjZSllSWYBaJQCwNW6EovsRRinxxuc_sU70bMg2vrHLBpfIdxzA4sKMOEhvIjKFjJlbET-vMfdBPH1E0PeaFAAfD5NmypkGLOCSvXp7qdfsQBc7Mmt9XkJk1u1uT0tPPjNXlctLh833jzMgF8C-Rp1K0w_XX6v6nPCC-bdA</recordid><startdate>20160901</startdate><enddate>20160901</enddate><creator>Phillips, Devin B.</creator><creator>Ehnes, Cameron M.</creator><creator>Stickland, Michael K.</creator><creator>Petersen, Stewart R.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160901</creationdate><title>The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise</title><author>Phillips, Devin B. ; Ehnes, Cameron M. ; Stickland, Michael K. ; Petersen, Stewart R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-7655a2ac8ac380c1f1b50af67701325c976a3a744984917bee35b71836f6de933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Fitness equipment</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lifting</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - physiology</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology</topic><topic>Respiratory Mechanics - physiology</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Thorax - physiology</topic><topic>Ventilation</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Phillips, Devin B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehnes, Cameron M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stickland, Michael K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Stewart R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><jtitle>European journal of applied physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Phillips, Devin B.</au><au>Ehnes, Cameron M.</au><au>Stickland, Michael K.</au><au>Petersen, Stewart R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise</atitle><jtitle>European journal of applied physiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><date>2016-09-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>116</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1725</spage><epage>1734</epage><pages>1725-1734</pages><issn>1439-6319</issn><eissn>1439-6327</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The purposes of this experiment were to, first, document the effect of 45-kg thoracic loading on peak exercise responses and, second, the effects of systematic increases in thoracic load on physiological responses to submaximal treadmill walking at a standardized speed and grade.
Methods
On separate days, 19 males (age 27 ± 5 years, height 180.0 ± 7.4 cm, mass 86.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed randomly ordered graded exercise tests to exhaustion in loaded (45 kg) and unloaded conditions. On a third day, each subject completed four randomly ordered, 10-min bouts of treadmill walking at 1.34 m s
−1
and 4 % grade in the following conditions: unloaded, and with backpacks weighted to 15, 30, and 45 kg.
Results
With 45-kg thoracic loading, absolute oxygen consumption (
V
˙
O
2
), minute ventilation, power output, and test duration were significantly decreased at peak exercise. End-inspiratory lung volume and tidal volume were significantly reduced with no changes in end-expiratory lung volume, breathing frequency, and the respiratory exchange ratio. Peak end-tidal carbon dioxide and the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide production were similar between conditions. The reductions in peak physiological responses were greater than expected based on previous research with lighter loads. During submaximal treadmill exercise,
V
˙
O
2
increased (
P
< 0.05) by 11.0 (unloaded to 15 kg), 14.5 (15–30 kg), and 18.0 % (30–45 kg) showing that the increase in exercise
V
˙
O
2
was not proportional to load mass.
Conclusion
These results provide further insight into the specificity of physiological responses to different types of load carriage.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>27395054</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00421-016-3427-6</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1439-6319 |
| ispartof | European journal of applied physiology, 2016-09, Vol.116 (9), p.1725-1734 |
| issn | 1439-6319 1439-6327 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1815703619 |
| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Adult Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Carbon dioxide Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Fitness equipment Human Physiology Humans Lifting Male Metabolism Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Original Article Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Endurance - physiology Physiology Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology Respiratory Mechanics - physiology Sports Medicine Thorax - physiology Ventilation Weight-Bearing - physiology |
| title | The impact of thoracic load carriage up to 45 kg on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise |
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