Role of dietary phenols in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation

Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and is mediated by sustained activation of microglial cells, the innate immune cells of the CNS. Studies have mainly focused on identifying the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of microglial a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuromolecular Medicine 2016-09, Vol.18 (3), p.453-464
Main Authors: Rangarajan, Parakalan, Karthikeyan, Aparna, Dheen, S. T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - metabolism
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Dietary Supplements
Humans
Inflammation
Internal Medicine
Microglia - physiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Phenols - metabolism
Review Paper
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Summary:Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and is mediated by sustained activation of microglial cells, the innate immune cells of the CNS. Studies have mainly focused on identifying the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of microglial activation. This is crucial in designing therapeutic strategies for neuropathologies in which prolonged microglial activation is known to exacerbate disease condition. In recent years, increasing evidence show that naturally occurring compounds present in regular diet could function as “nutraceuticals,” arresting microglial activation, and thus conferring neuroprotection. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of dietary phenolic nutraceuticals in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Studies show that these natural phenols inhibit key signaling pathways in activated microglia such as the NFκB, MAPK and JAK-STAT that trigger microglia-mediated inflammation in various neuropathological conditions such as injury, infection, stroke, autism and neurodegenerative diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect exerted by these natural phenols have shown considerable success in improving disease condition in animal models of neuropathologies, and thus seem to be suitable candidates for developing therapeutic strategies.
ISSN:1535-1084
1559-1174
DOI:10.1007/s12017-016-8430-x