Phosphate binding by natural iron-rich colloids in streams

Phosphorus (P) in natural waters may be bound to iron (Fe) bearing colloids. However, the natural variation in composition and P binding strength of these colloids remain unclear. We related the composition of “coarse colloids” (colloids in the 0.1–1.2 μm size range) in 47 Belgian streams to the che...

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Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2016-07, Vol.98, p.326-333
Main Authors: Baken, Stijn, Moens, Claudia, van der Grift, Bas, Smolders, Erik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Balancing
Bearing
Binding
Colloids
Colloids - chemistry
Concentration (composition)
Coprecipitation
Iron
Iron - chemistry
Iron oxides
Natural water
Phosphate binding
Phosphates - chemistry
Phosphorus - chemistry
Rivers
Streams
Surface adsorption
Surface chemistry
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description Phosphorus (P) in natural waters may be bound to iron (Fe) bearing colloids. However, the natural variation in composition and P binding strength of these colloids remain unclear. We related the composition of “coarse colloids” (colloids in the 0.1–1.2 μm size range) in 47 Belgian streams to the chemical properties of the streamwater. On average, 29% of the P in filtered (
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.032
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However, the natural variation in composition and P binding strength of these colloids remain unclear. We related the composition of “coarse colloids” (colloids in the 0.1–1.2 μm size range) in 47 Belgian streams to the chemical properties of the streamwater. On average, 29% of the P in filtered (&lt;1.2 μm) samples of these streams is present in coarse colloids. The concentration of Fe-rich colloids in streams decreases with increasing water hardness and pH. The P bearing colloids in these streams mostly consist of Fe hydroxyphosphates and of Fe oxyhydroxides with surface adsorbed P, which is underpinned by geochemical speciation calculations. In waters with molar P:Fe ratios above 0.5, only a minor part of the P is bound to coarse colloids. In such waters, the colloids have molar P:Fe ratios between 0.2 and 1 and are, therefore, nearly saturated with P. Conversely, in streams with molar P:Fe ratios below 0.1, most of the P is bound to Fe-rich colloids. Equilibration of synthetic and natural Fe and P bearing colloids with a zero sink reveals that colloids with low molar P:Fe ratios contain mostly nonlabile P, whereas P-saturated colloids contain mostly labile P which can be released within 7 days. Equilibration at a fixed free orthophosphate activity shows that the Fe-rich colloids may bind only limited P through surface adsorption, in the range of 0.02–0.04 mol P (mol Fe)−1. The P:Fe ratios measured in naturally occurring Fe and P bearing colloids is clearly higher (between 0.05 and 1). These colloids are therefore likely formed by coprecipitation of P during oxidation of Fe(II), which leads to the formation of Fe hydroxyphosphate minerals. [Display omitted] •We studied the binding between phosphorus and iron-rich colloids in natural waters.•Waters with low P:Fe ratios mostly contain P bound to Fe-rich colloids.•In high P:Fe waters, truly dissolved P dominates because the colloids are P-saturated.•The P in natural colloids mostly occurs in the form of Fe hydroxyphosphate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.032</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27110889</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Balancing ; Bearing ; Binding ; Colloids ; Colloids - chemistry ; Concentration (composition) ; Coprecipitation ; Iron ; Iron - chemistry ; Iron oxides ; Natural water ; Phosphate binding ; Phosphates - chemistry ; Phosphorus - chemistry ; Rivers ; Streams ; Surface adsorption ; Surface chemistry</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2016-07, Vol.98, p.326-333</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. 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However, the natural variation in composition and P binding strength of these colloids remain unclear. We related the composition of “coarse colloids” (colloids in the 0.1–1.2 μm size range) in 47 Belgian streams to the chemical properties of the streamwater. On average, 29% of the P in filtered (&lt;1.2 μm) samples of these streams is present in coarse colloids. The concentration of Fe-rich colloids in streams decreases with increasing water hardness and pH. The P bearing colloids in these streams mostly consist of Fe hydroxyphosphates and of Fe oxyhydroxides with surface adsorbed P, which is underpinned by geochemical speciation calculations. In waters with molar P:Fe ratios above 0.5, only a minor part of the P is bound to coarse colloids. In such waters, the colloids have molar P:Fe ratios between 0.2 and 1 and are, therefore, nearly saturated with P. Conversely, in streams with molar P:Fe ratios below 0.1, most of the P is bound to Fe-rich colloids. Equilibration of synthetic and natural Fe and P bearing colloids with a zero sink reveals that colloids with low molar P:Fe ratios contain mostly nonlabile P, whereas P-saturated colloids contain mostly labile P which can be released within 7 days. Equilibration at a fixed free orthophosphate activity shows that the Fe-rich colloids may bind only limited P through surface adsorption, in the range of 0.02–0.04 mol P (mol Fe)−1. The P:Fe ratios measured in naturally occurring Fe and P bearing colloids is clearly higher (between 0.05 and 1). These colloids are therefore likely formed by coprecipitation of P during oxidation of Fe(II), which leads to the formation of Fe hydroxyphosphate minerals. [Display omitted] •We studied the binding between phosphorus and iron-rich colloids in natural waters.•Waters with low P:Fe ratios mostly contain P bound to Fe-rich colloids.•In high P:Fe waters, truly dissolved P dominates because the colloids are P-saturated.•The P in natural colloids mostly occurs in the form of Fe hydroxyphosphate.</description><subject>Balancing</subject><subject>Bearing</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>Colloids</subject><subject>Colloids - chemistry</subject><subject>Concentration (composition)</subject><subject>Coprecipitation</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron - chemistry</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Natural water</subject><subject>Phosphate binding</subject><subject>Phosphates - chemistry</subject><subject>Phosphorus - chemistry</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Streams</subject><subject>Surface adsorption</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkU-LFDEQxYMo7uzqNxDpo5duq_Knk_IgyKKusKAHPYdMUuNk6Okekx6X_fb2MKtH9VQU_N578J4QLxA6BOxf77q7MBeunVy-DnQHSj4SK3SWWqm1eyxWAFq1qIy-EJe17gBASkVPxYW0iOAcrcSbL9upHrZh5madx5TH7836vhnDfCxhaHKZxrbkuG3iNAxTTrXJY1OX2LCvz8STTRgqP3-4V-Lbh_dfr2_a288fP12_u22jtnpuyaDBRIyKQG6YekNskXoLkKQNzpC0zpoNKVQgTc-OIlvWMsnkaM3qSrw6-x7K9OPIdfb7XCMPQxh5OlaPDg2RVIv-n6glIAPozH-gjjT1gCdXfUZjmWotvPGHkveh3HsEf9rC7_x5C3_awoP2yxaL7OVDwnG95_RH9Lv8BXh7Bnhp72fm4mvMPEZOuXCcfZry3xN-AVCbmYs</recordid><startdate>20160701</startdate><enddate>20160701</enddate><creator>Baken, Stijn</creator><creator>Moens, Claudia</creator><creator>van der Grift, Bas</creator><creator>Smolders, Erik</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-3969</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160701</creationdate><title>Phosphate binding by natural iron-rich colloids in streams</title><author>Baken, Stijn ; 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However, the natural variation in composition and P binding strength of these colloids remain unclear. We related the composition of “coarse colloids” (colloids in the 0.1–1.2 μm size range) in 47 Belgian streams to the chemical properties of the streamwater. On average, 29% of the P in filtered (&lt;1.2 μm) samples of these streams is present in coarse colloids. The concentration of Fe-rich colloids in streams decreases with increasing water hardness and pH. The P bearing colloids in these streams mostly consist of Fe hydroxyphosphates and of Fe oxyhydroxides with surface adsorbed P, which is underpinned by geochemical speciation calculations. In waters with molar P:Fe ratios above 0.5, only a minor part of the P is bound to coarse colloids. In such waters, the colloids have molar P:Fe ratios between 0.2 and 1 and are, therefore, nearly saturated with P. Conversely, in streams with molar P:Fe ratios below 0.1, most of the P is bound to Fe-rich colloids. Equilibration of synthetic and natural Fe and P bearing colloids with a zero sink reveals that colloids with low molar P:Fe ratios contain mostly nonlabile P, whereas P-saturated colloids contain mostly labile P which can be released within 7 days. Equilibration at a fixed free orthophosphate activity shows that the Fe-rich colloids may bind only limited P through surface adsorption, in the range of 0.02–0.04 mol P (mol Fe)−1. The P:Fe ratios measured in naturally occurring Fe and P bearing colloids is clearly higher (between 0.05 and 1). These colloids are therefore likely formed by coprecipitation of P during oxidation of Fe(II), which leads to the formation of Fe hydroxyphosphate minerals. [Display omitted] •We studied the binding between phosphorus and iron-rich colloids in natural waters.•Waters with low P:Fe ratios mostly contain P bound to Fe-rich colloids.•In high P:Fe waters, truly dissolved P dominates because the colloids are P-saturated.•The P in natural colloids mostly occurs in the form of Fe hydroxyphosphate.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>27110889</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.032</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-3969</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Balancing
Bearing
Binding
Colloids
Colloids - chemistry
Concentration (composition)
Coprecipitation
Iron
Iron - chemistry
Iron oxides
Natural water
Phosphate binding
Phosphates - chemistry
Phosphorus - chemistry
Rivers
Streams
Surface adsorption
Surface chemistry
title Phosphate binding by natural iron-rich colloids in streams
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