Energy-Aware Traffic Offloading for Green Heterogeneous Networks

With small cell base stations (SBSs) densely deployed in addition to conventional macro base stations (MBSs), the heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) architecture can effectively boost network capacity. To support the huge power demand of HCNs, renewable energy harvesting technologies can be levera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal on selected areas in communications 2016-05, Vol.34 (5), p.1116-1129
Main Authors: Zhang, Shan, Zhang, Ning, Zhou, Sheng, Gong, Jie, Niu, Zhisheng, Shen, Xuemin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bandwidth
Base stations
Cellular communication
Computer architecture
Energy conservation
Energy management
Gain
Power demand
Power grids
Quality of service
Radio equipment
Renewable energy sources
Stations
Traffic engineering
Traffic flow
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Summary:With small cell base stations (SBSs) densely deployed in addition to conventional macro base stations (MBSs), the heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) architecture can effectively boost network capacity. To support the huge power demand of HCNs, renewable energy harvesting technologies can be leveraged. In this paper, we aim to make efficient use of the harvested energy for on-grid power saving while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirement. To this end, energy-aware traffic offloading schemes are proposed, whereby user associations, ON-OFF states of SBSs, and power control are jointly optimized according to the statistical information of energy arrival and traffic load. Specifically, for the single SBS case, the power saving gain achieved by activating the SBS is derived in closed form, based on which the SBS activation condition and optimal traffic offloading amount are obtained. Furthermore, a two-stage energy-aware traffic offloading (TEATO) scheme is proposed for the multiple-SBS case, considering various operating characteristics of SBSs with different power sources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve more than 50% power saving gain for typical daily traffic and solar energy profiles, compared with the conventional traffic offloading schemes.
ISSN:0733-8716
1558-0008
DOI:10.1109/JSAC.2016.2520244