Loading…

Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data

The potential of retrieving the bottom layer snow density and soil permittivity under dry snow cover conditions from L-band passive microwave observations was analyzed using multi-angular brightness temperatures measured at horizontal and vertical polarization over two test sites in northern Finland...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remote sensing of environment 2016-07, Vol.180, p.377-391
Main Authors: Lemmetyinen, Juha, Schwank, Mike, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Kontu, Anna, Parkkinen, Tiina, Mätzler, Christian, Wiesmann, Andreas, Wegmüller, Urs, Derksen, Chris, Toose, Peter, Roy, Alexandre, Pulliainen, Jouni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983
container_end_page 391
container_issue
container_start_page 377
container_title Remote sensing of environment
container_volume 180
creator Lemmetyinen, Juha
Schwank, Mike
Rautiainen, Kimmo
Kontu, Anna
Parkkinen, Tiina
Mätzler, Christian
Wiesmann, Andreas
Wegmüller, Urs
Derksen, Chris
Toose, Peter
Roy, Alexandre
Pulliainen, Jouni
description The potential of retrieving the bottom layer snow density and soil permittivity under dry snow cover conditions from L-band passive microwave observations was analyzed using multi-angular brightness temperatures measured at horizontal and vertical polarization over two test sites in northern Finland. The near-continuous time series of L-band brightness temperatures covers a total of six winter seasons, over both dry mineral soil in a forest clearing, and organic soil over a wetland site. Detailed measurements of snow and soil conditions are available from both sites. Complementing a previous theoretical study, we show that dry snow cover influences the observed L-band brightness temperatures as a result of both impedance matching and changes in the refraction angle at the snow–soil interface. Exploiting these effects, we demonstrate the retrieval of the bottom layer snow density and the influence of dry snow cover on simultaneously retrieved soil permittivity — a consideration which is currently not accounted for in Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) retrievals of soil permittivity in the presence of dry snow. Depending on season, the mean bias error between retrieved and in situ snow density measured in the lower snow layers was between −6kgm−3 and 15kgm−3 for the forest clearing site, and between 37kgm−3 and 90kgm−3 for the wetland site, demonstrating the feasibility of the retrieval approach at the plot scale. In winter conditions, the ground permittivity retrieved without considering the impact of dry snow on L-band emission was, on average, 35% lower for both test sites, which indicates possible errors in current SMOS ground permittivity retrievals under dry snow conditions. The application of SMOS data to simultaneously retrieve dry snow density and ground permittivity is a complex task due to heterogeneous land cover and snow/soil conditions within SMOS pixels (≈45km resolution). An approach that considers land cover variations and the spatial variability of snow cover is required to fully determine the feasibility of the methodology to aid e.g. improving estimates snow water equivalent from other sensors, and to take into account effects of dry snow in SMOS-based retrievals of ground permittivities. The results should also be applicable to other L-band sensors in space, such as the recently launched NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. •Observed L-band signatures are shown to be sensitive to dry snow.•Effect is due to refraction a
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.002
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1816087059</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S003442571630030X</els_id><sourcerecordid>1816087059</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkEtvFDEQhK0IJJbAD-DmI5eZtOfhB5yiCAjSShzI3fLY7cirmfHE9i7sv8er5QynanVXtVQfIR8YtAwYvzu0KWPb1bGFrgXobsiOSaEaEDC8IjuAfmiGbhRvyNucDwBslILtyPPPNf6iDtccypma1dHnFI9VNkxLKCWcLvuEJQU8oaM-xYXum-niTMaFuNTT-RO937Y5WFNCXGmJFH_XfFhwLWamzhTzjrz2Zs74_q_ekqevX54eHpv9j2_fH-73je15XxpvxTQC88p7r8SgYJSdFNII1o9KOK9QCTtJyyfFe4eOTVL1fOjsOHGrZH9LPl7fbim-HDEXvYRscZ7NivGYNZOMgxQwqv9bhQLFgcu-WtnValPMOaHXWy1n0lkz0Bf8-qArfn3Br6HTFX_NfL5msLY9BUw624CrRRcS2qJdDP9I_wERsY6r</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1790960683</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection</source><creator>Lemmetyinen, Juha ; Schwank, Mike ; Rautiainen, Kimmo ; Kontu, Anna ; Parkkinen, Tiina ; Mätzler, Christian ; Wiesmann, Andreas ; Wegmüller, Urs ; Derksen, Chris ; Toose, Peter ; Roy, Alexandre ; Pulliainen, Jouni</creator><creatorcontrib>Lemmetyinen, Juha ; Schwank, Mike ; Rautiainen, Kimmo ; Kontu, Anna ; Parkkinen, Tiina ; Mätzler, Christian ; Wiesmann, Andreas ; Wegmüller, Urs ; Derksen, Chris ; Toose, Peter ; Roy, Alexandre ; Pulliainen, Jouni</creatorcontrib><description>The potential of retrieving the bottom layer snow density and soil permittivity under dry snow cover conditions from L-band passive microwave observations was analyzed using multi-angular brightness temperatures measured at horizontal and vertical polarization over two test sites in northern Finland. The near-continuous time series of L-band brightness temperatures covers a total of six winter seasons, over both dry mineral soil in a forest clearing, and organic soil over a wetland site. Detailed measurements of snow and soil conditions are available from both sites. Complementing a previous theoretical study, we show that dry snow cover influences the observed L-band brightness temperatures as a result of both impedance matching and changes in the refraction angle at the snow–soil interface. Exploiting these effects, we demonstrate the retrieval of the bottom layer snow density and the influence of dry snow cover on simultaneously retrieved soil permittivity — a consideration which is currently not accounted for in Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) retrievals of soil permittivity in the presence of dry snow. Depending on season, the mean bias error between retrieved and in situ snow density measured in the lower snow layers was between −6kgm−3 and 15kgm−3 for the forest clearing site, and between 37kgm−3 and 90kgm−3 for the wetland site, demonstrating the feasibility of the retrieval approach at the plot scale. In winter conditions, the ground permittivity retrieved without considering the impact of dry snow on L-band emission was, on average, 35% lower for both test sites, which indicates possible errors in current SMOS ground permittivity retrievals under dry snow conditions. The application of SMOS data to simultaneously retrieve dry snow density and ground permittivity is a complex task due to heterogeneous land cover and snow/soil conditions within SMOS pixels (≈45km resolution). An approach that considers land cover variations and the spatial variability of snow cover is required to fully determine the feasibility of the methodology to aid e.g. improving estimates snow water equivalent from other sensors, and to take into account effects of dry snow in SMOS-based retrievals of ground permittivities. The results should also be applicable to other L-band sensors in space, such as the recently launched NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. •Observed L-band signatures are shown to be sensitive to dry snow.•Effect is due to refraction and impedance matching caused by snow cover.•Experimental L-band data are used to retrieve dry snow density and soil permittivity.•Retrievals agree well with in situ data for test site over mineral soil.•Application to satellite data requires addressing more complex land cover issues.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-4257</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0704</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Density ; Dielectric constant ; Drying ; Ground permittivity ; Grounds ; Microwave radiometry ; Permittivity ; Retrieval ; SMAP ; SMOS ; Snow ; Snow density ; Soil (material)</subject><ispartof>Remote sensing of environment, 2016-07, Vol.180, p.377-391</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27898,27899</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lemmetyinen, Juha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwank, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rautiainen, Kimmo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontu, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parkkinen, Tiina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mätzler, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesmann, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wegmüller, Urs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derksen, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toose, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pulliainen, Jouni</creatorcontrib><title>Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data</title><title>Remote sensing of environment</title><description>The potential of retrieving the bottom layer snow density and soil permittivity under dry snow cover conditions from L-band passive microwave observations was analyzed using multi-angular brightness temperatures measured at horizontal and vertical polarization over two test sites in northern Finland. The near-continuous time series of L-band brightness temperatures covers a total of six winter seasons, over both dry mineral soil in a forest clearing, and organic soil over a wetland site. Detailed measurements of snow and soil conditions are available from both sites. Complementing a previous theoretical study, we show that dry snow cover influences the observed L-band brightness temperatures as a result of both impedance matching and changes in the refraction angle at the snow–soil interface. Exploiting these effects, we demonstrate the retrieval of the bottom layer snow density and the influence of dry snow cover on simultaneously retrieved soil permittivity — a consideration which is currently not accounted for in Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) retrievals of soil permittivity in the presence of dry snow. Depending on season, the mean bias error between retrieved and in situ snow density measured in the lower snow layers was between −6kgm−3 and 15kgm−3 for the forest clearing site, and between 37kgm−3 and 90kgm−3 for the wetland site, demonstrating the feasibility of the retrieval approach at the plot scale. In winter conditions, the ground permittivity retrieved without considering the impact of dry snow on L-band emission was, on average, 35% lower for both test sites, which indicates possible errors in current SMOS ground permittivity retrievals under dry snow conditions. The application of SMOS data to simultaneously retrieve dry snow density and ground permittivity is a complex task due to heterogeneous land cover and snow/soil conditions within SMOS pixels (≈45km resolution). An approach that considers land cover variations and the spatial variability of snow cover is required to fully determine the feasibility of the methodology to aid e.g. improving estimates snow water equivalent from other sensors, and to take into account effects of dry snow in SMOS-based retrievals of ground permittivities. The results should also be applicable to other L-band sensors in space, such as the recently launched NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. •Observed L-band signatures are shown to be sensitive to dry snow.•Effect is due to refraction and impedance matching caused by snow cover.•Experimental L-band data are used to retrieve dry snow density and soil permittivity.•Retrievals agree well with in situ data for test site over mineral soil.•Application to satellite data requires addressing more complex land cover issues.</description><subject>Density</subject><subject>Dielectric constant</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Ground permittivity</subject><subject>Grounds</subject><subject>Microwave radiometry</subject><subject>Permittivity</subject><subject>Retrieval</subject><subject>SMAP</subject><subject>SMOS</subject><subject>Snow</subject><subject>Snow density</subject><subject>Soil (material)</subject><issn>0034-4257</issn><issn>1879-0704</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtvFDEQhK0IJJbAD-DmI5eZtOfhB5yiCAjSShzI3fLY7cirmfHE9i7sv8er5QynanVXtVQfIR8YtAwYvzu0KWPb1bGFrgXobsiOSaEaEDC8IjuAfmiGbhRvyNucDwBslILtyPPPNf6iDtccypma1dHnFI9VNkxLKCWcLvuEJQU8oaM-xYXum-niTMaFuNTT-RO937Y5WFNCXGmJFH_XfFhwLWamzhTzjrz2Zs74_q_ekqevX54eHpv9j2_fH-73je15XxpvxTQC88p7r8SgYJSdFNII1o9KOK9QCTtJyyfFe4eOTVL1fOjsOHGrZH9LPl7fbim-HDEXvYRscZ7NivGYNZOMgxQwqv9bhQLFgcu-WtnValPMOaHXWy1n0lkz0Bf8-qArfn3Br6HTFX_NfL5msLY9BUw624CrRRcS2qJdDP9I_wERsY6r</recordid><startdate>201607</startdate><enddate>201607</enddate><creator>Lemmetyinen, Juha</creator><creator>Schwank, Mike</creator><creator>Rautiainen, Kimmo</creator><creator>Kontu, Anna</creator><creator>Parkkinen, Tiina</creator><creator>Mätzler, Christian</creator><creator>Wiesmann, Andreas</creator><creator>Wegmüller, Urs</creator><creator>Derksen, Chris</creator><creator>Toose, Peter</creator><creator>Roy, Alexandre</creator><creator>Pulliainen, Jouni</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201607</creationdate><title>Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data</title><author>Lemmetyinen, Juha ; Schwank, Mike ; Rautiainen, Kimmo ; Kontu, Anna ; Parkkinen, Tiina ; Mätzler, Christian ; Wiesmann, Andreas ; Wegmüller, Urs ; Derksen, Chris ; Toose, Peter ; Roy, Alexandre ; Pulliainen, Jouni</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Density</topic><topic>Dielectric constant</topic><topic>Drying</topic><topic>Ground permittivity</topic><topic>Grounds</topic><topic>Microwave radiometry</topic><topic>Permittivity</topic><topic>Retrieval</topic><topic>SMAP</topic><topic>SMOS</topic><topic>Snow</topic><topic>Snow density</topic><topic>Soil (material)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lemmetyinen, Juha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwank, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rautiainen, Kimmo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontu, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parkkinen, Tiina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mätzler, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesmann, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wegmüller, Urs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derksen, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toose, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pulliainen, Jouni</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy &amp; Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Remote sensing of environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lemmetyinen, Juha</au><au>Schwank, Mike</au><au>Rautiainen, Kimmo</au><au>Kontu, Anna</au><au>Parkkinen, Tiina</au><au>Mätzler, Christian</au><au>Wiesmann, Andreas</au><au>Wegmüller, Urs</au><au>Derksen, Chris</au><au>Toose, Peter</au><au>Roy, Alexandre</au><au>Pulliainen, Jouni</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data</atitle><jtitle>Remote sensing of environment</jtitle><date>2016-07</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>180</volume><spage>377</spage><epage>391</epage><pages>377-391</pages><issn>0034-4257</issn><eissn>1879-0704</eissn><abstract>The potential of retrieving the bottom layer snow density and soil permittivity under dry snow cover conditions from L-band passive microwave observations was analyzed using multi-angular brightness temperatures measured at horizontal and vertical polarization over two test sites in northern Finland. The near-continuous time series of L-band brightness temperatures covers a total of six winter seasons, over both dry mineral soil in a forest clearing, and organic soil over a wetland site. Detailed measurements of snow and soil conditions are available from both sites. Complementing a previous theoretical study, we show that dry snow cover influences the observed L-band brightness temperatures as a result of both impedance matching and changes in the refraction angle at the snow–soil interface. Exploiting these effects, we demonstrate the retrieval of the bottom layer snow density and the influence of dry snow cover on simultaneously retrieved soil permittivity — a consideration which is currently not accounted for in Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) retrievals of soil permittivity in the presence of dry snow. Depending on season, the mean bias error between retrieved and in situ snow density measured in the lower snow layers was between −6kgm−3 and 15kgm−3 for the forest clearing site, and between 37kgm−3 and 90kgm−3 for the wetland site, demonstrating the feasibility of the retrieval approach at the plot scale. In winter conditions, the ground permittivity retrieved without considering the impact of dry snow on L-band emission was, on average, 35% lower for both test sites, which indicates possible errors in current SMOS ground permittivity retrievals under dry snow conditions. The application of SMOS data to simultaneously retrieve dry snow density and ground permittivity is a complex task due to heterogeneous land cover and snow/soil conditions within SMOS pixels (≈45km resolution). An approach that considers land cover variations and the spatial variability of snow cover is required to fully determine the feasibility of the methodology to aid e.g. improving estimates snow water equivalent from other sensors, and to take into account effects of dry snow in SMOS-based retrievals of ground permittivities. The results should also be applicable to other L-band sensors in space, such as the recently launched NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. •Observed L-band signatures are shown to be sensitive to dry snow.•Effect is due to refraction and impedance matching caused by snow cover.•Experimental L-band data are used to retrieve dry snow density and soil permittivity.•Retrievals agree well with in situ data for test site over mineral soil.•Application to satellite data requires addressing more complex land cover issues.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><doi>10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.002</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0034-4257
ispartof Remote sensing of environment, 2016-07, Vol.180, p.377-391
issn 0034-4257
1879-0704
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1816087059
source ScienceDirect Freedom Collection
subjects Density
Dielectric constant
Drying
Ground permittivity
Grounds
Microwave radiometry
Permittivity
Retrieval
SMAP
SMOS
Snow
Snow density
Soil (material)
title Snow density and ground permittivity retrieved from L-band radiometry: Application to experimental data
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-03-05T02%3A23%3A21IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Snow%20density%20and%20ground%20permittivity%20retrieved%20from%20L-band%20radiometry:%20Application%20to%20experimental%20data&rft.jtitle=Remote%20sensing%20of%20environment&rft.au=Lemmetyinen,%20Juha&rft.date=2016-07&rft.volume=180&rft.spage=377&rft.epage=391&rft.pages=377-391&rft.issn=0034-4257&rft.eissn=1879-0704&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.002&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1816087059%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-fc7b501f9fff97490582878a713597df9e97cb8c6b963ded1b893642c5b6c983%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1790960683&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true