Removal of Phenols from Aqueous Streams by the Cloud Point Extraction Technique with Oxyethylated Methyl Dodecanoates As Surfactants

New oxyethylated methyl dodecanoates with average degrees of oxyethylation (n) ranging between 5 and 14 (denoted OMD-n) were considered as nonionic surfactants for the removal of phenol, 4-methylphenol, and 4-nitrophenol from aqueous streams by the cloud point extraction technique. The cloud point (...

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Published in:Environmental science & technology 2001-06, Vol.35 (11), p.2341-2346
Main Authors: Materna, Katarzyna, Milosz, Izabela, Miesiac, Ireneusz, Cote, Gerard, Szymanowski, Jan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Chemical Phenomena
Chemistry, Physical
Exact sciences and technology
Industrial wastewaters
Kinetics
Laurates - chemistry
Methods
Phenols - chemistry
Pollution
Surface-Active Agents - chemistry
Surfactants
Wastewaters
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water pollution
Water Pollution - prevention & control
Water treatment
Water treatment and pollution
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creator Materna, Katarzyna
Milosz, Izabela
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Szymanowski, Jan
description New oxyethylated methyl dodecanoates with average degrees of oxyethylation (n) ranging between 5 and 14 (denoted OMD-n) were considered as nonionic surfactants for the removal of phenol, 4-methylphenol, and 4-nitrophenol from aqueous streams by the cloud point extraction technique. The cloud point (denoted CP) strongly increases with the average degree of oxyethylation n but is independent of OMD-n concentration, except at low concentration (i.e.,
doi_str_mv 10.1021/es000025y
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The cloud point (denoted CP) strongly increases with the average degree of oxyethylation n but is independent of OMD-n concentration, except at low concentration (i.e., &lt;10 g·L-1). CP can be related to the surfactant hydrophilicity by the following equation: CP(°C) = 20.27 × HLBG − 245.8 (above 10 g·L-1 and in the absence of electrolyte), where HLBG refers to the OMD-n hydrophile-lipophile balance in Griffin's scale. The presence of electrolyte such as NaCl strongly decreases the cloud point [ΔCP/Δ[NaCl] ≈ −(9 ± 1) °C·M-1]. Many parameters influence the extraction of phenols in OMD-n-rich phases, including the characteristics of phenols (hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bond acidity, hydrogen-bond basicity, etc.), the average degree of oxyethylation of OMD-n (i.e., n), the concentration of electrolyte, the settling temperature (T set), and overheating (ΔT = T set − CP). The distribution coefficients typically range between 20 and 100. 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The presence of electrolyte such as NaCl strongly decreases the cloud point [ΔCP/Δ[NaCl] ≈ −(9 ± 1) °C·M-1]. Many parameters influence the extraction of phenols in OMD-n-rich phases, including the characteristics of phenols (hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bond acidity, hydrogen-bond basicity, etc.), the average degree of oxyethylation of OMD-n (i.e., n), the concentration of electrolyte, the settling temperature (T set), and overheating (ΔT = T set − CP). The distribution coefficients typically range between 20 and 100. Finally, the kinetics of the separation process is limited by the slow coalescence of the fine droplets of surfactant-rich phase formed above CP.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>11414042</pmid><doi>10.1021/es000025y</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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source American Chemical Society:Jisc Collections:American Chemical Society Read & Publish Agreement 2022-2024 (Reading list)
subjects Applied sciences
Chemical Phenomena
Chemistry, Physical
Exact sciences and technology
Industrial wastewaters
Kinetics
Laurates - chemistry
Methods
Phenols - chemistry
Pollution
Surface-Active Agents - chemistry
Surfactants
Wastewaters
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water pollution
Water Pollution - prevention & control
Water treatment
Water treatment and pollution
title Removal of Phenols from Aqueous Streams by the Cloud Point Extraction Technique with Oxyethylated Methyl Dodecanoates As Surfactants
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